Abstract:
:Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is used worldwide in freshwater pond aquaculture for treatment and prevention of waterborne external parasitic, bacterial, and fungal diseases. Nevertheless, KMnO4 has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and insufficient information exists to allow evaluation of the environmental risk of KMnO4 exposures. Limited data exist concerning KMnO4 toxicity to nontarget species in systems receiving aquaculture effluent from treated ponds. The goal of this research is to generate effects data for use in developing an ecological risk assessment of KMnO4. Toxicity tests were used to compare the relative sensitivities of five standard aquatic test species to KMnO4. Acute toxicity test results using synthetic moderately hard water show static 96-h mean median lethal concentration (LC50) values +/- standard deviation (SD) of 0.058 +/- 0.006 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia dubia, 0.053 +/- 0.009 mg/L for Daphnia magna, 2.13 +/- 0.07 mg/L for Pimephales promelas, 4.74 +/- 1.05 mg/L for Hyalella azteca, and 4.43 +/- 0.79 mg/L for Chironomus tentans. Most of these values are below the recommended KMnO4 treatment rate of at least 2.0 mg/L or 2.5 times the water's potassium permanganate demand (PPD; an estimation of the available reducing agents in the exposure water), suggesting significant environmental risk. However, repeating these laboratory tests using pond water resulted in significantly reduced toxicity, with static 96-h mean LC50 values (+/-SD) of 2.39 +/- 0.36 mg/L for C. dubia, 1.98 +/- 0.12 mg/L for D. magna, 11.22 +/- 1.07 mg/L for P. promelas, 13.55 +/- 2.24 mg/L for H. azteca, and 12.30 +/- 2.83 mg/L for C. tentans. The PPD of synthetic moderately hard water was 0.329 +/- 0.114 mg/L; however, pond water PPD was 5.357 +/- 0.967 mg/L. The effective disease-treating dose based on 2.5 times the PPD would thus be 0.823 and 13.392 mg KMnO4/L, respectively, exceeding the LC50 for most of these nontarget organisms, even in pond water, immediately after treatment.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Hobbs MS,Grippo RS,Farris JL,Griffin BR,Harding LLdoi
10.1897/05-453r2.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-11-01 00:00:00pages
3046-52issue
11eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In this work, susceptibility to oxidative stress was analyzed under laboratory conditions in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Eels were treated with increasing concentrations of benchmark environmental pollutants, namely, benzo[a]pyrene ([BaP], at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg), beta-naphthoflavone ([BNF], at 0, 0.1,...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-378
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to agrochemicals in the aquatic environment often occurs as time-varying or repeated pulses. Time-varying exposures may occur due to runoff events and spray drift associated with precipitation and application events. Hydrologic dilution, dispersion, and degradation also produce pulsed exposures. Standard labo...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NSO-HETs) and short-chained alkyl phenols (SCAPs) are commonly detected in groundwater at contaminated sites and in the surrounding environment. It is now scientific consensus that these chemicals pose a risk to human and ecosystem health. However, toxici...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4423
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The determination of site-specific water quality criteria generally involves the recalculation of national criteria using laboratory-derived toxicity data or the conducting of bioassays using site water. Because of uncertainty of predictions of in-stream biological responses to contamination, an alternative procedure ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.5620050501
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate and effects of cytostatic (anticancer or antineoplastic) pharmaceuticals in the environment are largely unknown, but they can contaminate wastewater treatment effluents and consequently aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, we have focused on five cytostatic compounds used in high amounts (cyclophosphamide, cisp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-137R.1
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study determined the effects of environmentally relevant, short-term (4-h) exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on mortality, food consumption, growth, swimming ability, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute effect concentrations were determined, an...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-448.1
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a halogenated aromatic nitrile herbicide used on a variety of crops for the postemergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds. The anaerobic biodegradability of bromoxynil and its aerobic transformation product, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate, were examined in enrichme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Native freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the most imperiled faunal groups in the world. Factors contributing to the decline of mussel populations likely include pesticides and other aquatic contaminants; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the toxicity of even the most globally distributed pest...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/06-519R1.1
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecotoxicological effects of octachlorostyrene (OCS) on the aquatic larvae of the nonbiting midges Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) were investigated by evaluating their responses in various biological organizations, from the molecular and biochemical to the ecophysiological levels. The results of the 24...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-219.1
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitellogenin (VTG) induction has proved to be a valuable biomarker for assessing exposure to environmental estrogens in fish. The widespread use of VTG in this regard has lead to the need for standardized assays to quantify VTG, and monoclonal antibodies have the potential to help accomplish this. A VTG enzyme-linked ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of sperm has been investigated as a possible method to examine the toxicity of environmental contaminants. The amphibian sperm inhibition toxicological test (ASITT) method examines the effects of contaminants on Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) sperm motility and path trajectories. As part of a preliminar...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-573.1
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity and estrogenicity of a final treated municipal effluent was examined while flowing through a constructed wetland in north-central Texas, USA. Fish data were collected, and a baseline wetland characterization was performed to assess wetland treatment potential for these effluent properties. Vitellogenin (V...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2268:aoteat>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statewide investigation of insecticide presence and sediment toxicity was conducted in Illinois, USA, from June to August 2008. Twenty sediment samples were collected from urban areas throughout Illinois, and 49 sediment samples were collected from 14 agriculture-dominated counties in central and southern Illinois. ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.13
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field monitoring campaign investigating the suitability of (Cd, Zn)-metallothionein concentrations (MTs) in different tissues of the gudgeon as a biomarker for metal contamination in the aquatic environment was conducted. Gudgeons were captured at 10 sampling sites on a river system in Flanders (Belgium). Nine sampl...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six-month-old lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were injected intraperitoneally with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil or in vehicle alone. Liver samples were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until microsome preparation and monooxygenase assay. Skin samples were placed...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/2605021.1
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedlings of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. were grown in solution culture for 14 d prior to exposure to Pb₂+ at an activity of 31 microM for 72 h. Electron dense deposits found within the apoplast and symplast were analysed using scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) to dete...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/09-131.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The trophic transfer of monoaromatic hydrocarbons to predatory organisms feeding upon contaminated marine animals is not well reported within the scientific literature. Branched alkylbenzenes (BABs) unresolved by gas chromatography have been reported to be principal toxic components of bioaccumulated hydrocarbons in t...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-298.1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uptake of polar organic contaminants into polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) varies with environmental factors, such as water flow rate. To evaluate the influence of water flow rate on the uptake of contaminants into POCIS, flow-controlled field experiments were conducted with POCIS deployed in ch...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.305
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. The solid vapor pressures of BDE 15 and BDE 209 were determined by using the Knudsen effusion method, and the values measured extrapolated to 298.15 K are 3.12 × 10(-3) and 9.02 × 10(-13) Pa, respectively. The enthalpie...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.621
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from industrial use, discharged via the land application of sewage sludge, are interacting with soil biota, including earthworms. In affected organisms, excessive production of reactive oxygen species can result in lipid peroxidation, shifting the balance between oxidants and antioxidants ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4713
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead (Pb) is a typical toxic heavy metal element in soils and plants, which has a potential threat to human health through the food chain. Pb uptake in the soil-vegetable system has attracted broad attention, while reports on the main controlling factors of Pb uptake and accumulation in different soil-vegetable system...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4997
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is a computerized model system to facilitate and harmonize health and environmental risk assessment of previously notified and new substances. For calculation of regional background exposure, a multimedia distribution model is used. In the present stud...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-529
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parabens, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan, and triclocarban are recognized endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs); and their occurrence in the environment has attracted increasing concern. Body size-dependent bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, trophic magnification, and maternal transfer of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-,...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4150
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fish acute toxicity test method is foundational to aquatic toxicity testing strategies, yet the literature lacks a concise sample size assessment. Although various sources address sample size, historical precedent seems to play a larger role than objective measures. We present a novel and comprehensive quantificat...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4098
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, concern has been growing that numerous manmade chemicals entering the environment are capable of mimicking endogenous hormones in wildlife. In an attempt to define and evaluate the possible impact of endocrine-disrupting substances (EDS) on insects, three vertebrate hormones were tested for their effe...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1838:eotvho>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury is a globally distributed neurotoxin, endocrine disruptor, and teratogen, the effects of which on wildlife at environmentally relevant levels are largely unknown. In birds, foraging efficiency and learning may be sensitive endpoints for sublethal methylmercury toxicity, and these endpoints also may be bi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/07-466
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic effects of many persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls or polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans) are mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives also activate AhR, their toxic effects remain to be fully el...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-388r.1
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop a multimetal toxicity model requires insight into the relationships between the composition of metal mixtures and their toxicological effects on organisms. As a first step in developing such a model, quantitative data from binary and higher mixture studies of Cu, Cd, and Zn were compiled and used to assess ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/etc.499
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study characterized the chronic effect of binary-metal mixtures of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on Daphnia magna. The titration design was chosen to characterize the 21-d chronic effects of the binary-metal mixtures on survival, growth, reproduction, and metal accumulation in D. magna. Using this design, inc...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3830
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urban stormwater is an important but incompletely characterized contributor to surface-water toxicity. The present study used 5 bioassays of 2 model organisms (Daphnia magna and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) to investigate stormwater toxicity and mitigation by full-scale iron-enhanced sand filters (IESFs). Stor...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4227
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00