Abstract:
:Luminal fluids were collected in vivo by micropuncture and cannulation from the rete testis, efferent ducts and ductus epididymidis of the rat to determine the composition of efferent duct fluids and the rates of reabsorption of water and solutes by the efferent ducts. The concentration of spermatozoa increased by a factor of about 25 from 2.42 x 10(4) microliters-1 in the fluid from the rete testis to 6.00 x 10(5) microliters-1 in fluid at the end of the efferent ducts, indicating that 96.2% of the fluid leaving the testis is reabsorbed from the lumen of the efferent ducts. Most of this reabsorption (70.9% or 33.4 microliters h-1) occurs in the region between the rete testis and the middle of the coni vasculosi, with only 25.1% (11.8 microliters h-1) occurring between the coni and the beginning of the ductus epididymidis. However, reabsorption across the epithelium occurs at about the same rate in both regions, with the proximal region reabsorbing 17.2 microliters cm-2 h-1 (70.9% of fluid entering the region) and the distal region reabsorbing 12.2 microliters cm-2 h-1 (86.1% of fluid entering the region). Consequently, the fluid reabsorption rate for the whole efferent duct system (15.6 microliters cm-2 h-1) is similar to the values for individual regions. The principal solutes in luminal fluids from the efferent ducts are Na+ (137-144 mM) and Cl- (113-130 mM). The estimated sum contribution of Na+, Cl- and K+ to the osmotic pressure of luminal fluids was approximately 80% at each site sampled in the efferent ducts. The osmotic pressure of luminal fluid samples (301-307 mosmol kg-1) did not vary significantly along the ducts or differ significantly from that of blood plasma. The results demonstrate that there is a net reabsorption in the efferent ducts of nearly all the testicular output of water and inorganic electrolytes, and most of the protein, and that, in comparison, the ductus epididymidis is a negligible site of net fluid reabsorption. The results indicate that the ductus epididymidis, rather than the efferent ducts, is the site of accumulation of high concentrations of specific organic compounds like inositol. The efferent ducts are similar to the homologous proximal tubules of the metanephric kidney in that the luminal electrolyte composition (principal solutes Na+ and Cl-) and osmotic pressure remain relatively stable and that fluid reabsorption is close to isotonic and occurs at the same rate as the reabsorption of Na+.
journal_name
Exp Physioljournal_title
Experimental physiologyauthors
Clulow J,Jones RC,Hansen LAdoi
10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003817subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-11-01 00:00:00pages
915-28issue
6eissn
0958-0670issn
1469-445Xjournal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Using real-time two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid mediator, causes shear stress-dependent oscillatory local increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in fluo-4-loaded endothelial cells of isolated mouse aortic strips in sit...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.056416
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions in modulating the renal nerve-dependent increases in proximal tubular fluid reabsorption (Jva). Renal nerve stimulation at 0.75 and 1.0 Hz (15 V, 0.2 ms) in anaesthetized Wistar rats had no effect on glomerular filtration rate but decreased ur...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002640
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hallmark of epithelial cells is their functional polarization. It is those membrane proteins that are distributed differentially, either to the apical or to the basal surface, that determine epithelial physiology. Such proteins will include 'pumps', 'channels' and 'carriers', and it is the functional interplay bet...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type:
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.037523
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to analyse endothelial hypoxic preconditioning after hypoxia-reperfusion (HR). Endothelial functionality was analysed through the vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine (Ach) and the level of serine1177 phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (ser1177-eNOS) measured by Western blot in in...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030163
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early vascular changes at the molecular level caused by adoption of a sedentary lifestyle are incompletely characterized. Herein, we employed the rodent wheel-lock model to identify mRNAs in the arterial wall that are responsive to the acute transition from higher to lower levels of daily physical activity. Specifical...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066076
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of the serotoninergic system in the control of sodium appetite of hypothyroid rats (HTR) by administering drugs that affect the serotoninergic activity, and to compare the same homeostatic behaviour in euthyroid rats (ETR) also given these drugs. Fenfluramine (FE...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8802457
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of exogenous arginine vasotocin (AVT), isotocin (IT) and melatonin on the blood pressure of conscious Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were examined. Ventral aortic blood pressure (PVA) was recorded from a cannula inserted into the afferent branchial artery of the third gill arch. Dorsal aortic blood pressure (...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004161
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal secretion is enhanced by starvation in rats. The rectum from fed and 3-day-starved rats generates a basal electrogenic ion transfer (short-circuit current) in vitro which is mainly electrogenic Na+ absorption (amiloride-sensitive, 66-71%) with a small component of electrogenic chloride secretion (furosemide...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003438
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate whether long-term administration of L-arginine, a physiological substrate for the production of nitric oxide, improved blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac hypertrophy and particularly structural changes in the coronary and carotid artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). T...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004141
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural activation decreases cerebral deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb(C)) and increases oxyhaemoglobin concentration (O(2)Hb(C)). In contrast, patients who present with restricted cerebral blood flow, such as those suffering from cerebral ischaemia or Alzheimer's disease, and during the course of ageing the converse occurs, in t...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061978
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to characterize the Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle cells from human stomach and to examine the effects of osmotic swelling on the channel activity. Ca2+ channel current with either Ca2+ or Ba2+ as charge carrier was recorded from freshly isolated smooth muscle cells using the conve...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0958067000020133
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? The role of the cerebral haemodynamic response to either normobaric or hypobaric hypoxia in people susceptible to acute mountain sickness (AMS) is still under debate. Prefrontal cortex near-infrared spectroscopy-derived parameters were monitored in normobaric hyp...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088515
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity is increased during selective activation of the skeletal muscle metaboreflex with postexercise ischaemia (PEI) in young adults. However, to date, there are no data demonstrating this neural interaction between the arterial baroreflex and the muscle metaboreflex in healthy older adult...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073189
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? We hypothesized that chronic mitoprotection would decrease renal vascular remodelling and dysfunction in swine metabolic syndrome. What is the main finding and its importance? This study shows that experimental metabolic syndrome exerts renal microvascular and en...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086988
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? This review describes the role of renal nerves as the key carrier of signals from the kidneys to the CNS and vice versa; the brain and kidneys communicate through this carrier to maintain homeostasis in the body. What advances does it highlight? Whether renal or autonomic ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079889
更新日期:2015-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::After 2 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, the membrane potential of the diaphragm muscle when measured in vitro at 30 degrees C was unchanged but the tetanic tension, the half-relaxation time of the isometric twitch and the fatigue resistance were each reduced. Treatment of the diabetic rats with the ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004131
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very brief and intense exercise triggers a biphasic metabolic and respiratory response with a second phase that occurs after the cessation of the muscular activity. The effects on minute ventilation (V(E)) produced by manipulation of the peripheral circulation in metabolically active muscles could thus be studied with...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.2001.tb00041.x
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the neuronal 5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL 72222 has been investigated on the reflex tachypnoeic response to pulmonary embolism in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rabbits. Pre-treatment with MDL 72222 (640 micrograms kg-1, 5 min prior to embolization) significantly attenuated the reflex tachypnoeic response...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003424
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-[5-(2-Nitrophenyl) furfuryliodine]-1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (UCF-101) is a protease inhibitor which was reported to protect against ischaemic heart damage and apoptosis. This study evaluated the impact of UCF-101 on steptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Adult FVB mice were made di...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.049189
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Impairment and subsequent improvement in cerebral oxygenation during acute and prolonged exposure to high altitude affect exercise performance. This study innovates by investigating the effect of acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure on cerebral haemodynamic...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088354
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured in pregnant sheep (125-142 days gestation) under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions using the Fick principle with [14C]antipyrine as the indicator. Exposure of the sheep to an ambient temperature of 43 +/- 1 degrees C (25-30% relative humidity) for 8 h increased ma...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003735
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? Excitation-contraction coupling in fish hearts is maintained over a range of temperatures that would be cardioplegic to most mammals. Here, we review what is known about the fish cardiac ryanodine receptor, and consider how it may be regulated in a different manner from th...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/EP085136
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that, among conditions of matched contractile work, shorter contraction durations and greater muscle fibre recruitment result in augmented skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption ( ) during steady-state exercise in humans. To do so, we measured forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultras...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.062968
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although numerous studies have recently implicated the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (Cn-NFAT) signalling pathway in the regulation of activity-dependent fibre type switching in adult mammalian skeletal muscles, little is known about the endogenous expression of NFAT proteins in the various fibre typ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040485
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of muscle fatigue on the mechanical efficiency of muscle work performance were studied in situ, in stretch-shortening cycles that resembled physiological conditions. The experiments were performed on the medial gastrocnemius muscles of seven rats. To calculate efficiency, a simple Hill-type model was used,...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004001
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? In fever, the most striking response in the acute phase reaction of systemic inflammation, plasma H2 S concentration increases. However, the role of endogenous peripheral H2 S in fever is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous peripheral...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086775
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endothelial glycocalyx layer of capillaries was stained with Ruthenium Red and examined by transmission electron microscopy in rat extensor hallucis proprius muscles after 2 or 4 days of indirect electrical stimulation via implanted electrodes. The layer appeared continuous on the luminal surface of 63% capillarie...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003989
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? What is the role of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells? What is the ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088011
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal studies show that arginine vasopressin facilitates aggression, while serotonin (5-HT) inhibits aggression by blocking the activity of the vasopressin system. Clinical studies report that subjects with a history of 'fighting and assault' show a significant positive correlation between cerebrospinal fluid concent...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.tb00011.x
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does a previously hypothesized signalling mechanism, believed to detect postprandial increases in intestinal phosphate and that can stimulate the kidneys to rapidly excrete phosphate, operate under physiological conditions? What is the main finding and its import...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086062
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00