Abstract:
:An association exists between respiratory viruses and bacterial infections. Prevention or treatment of the preceding viral infection is a logical goal for reducing this important cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability of the novel, selective parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor BCX 2798 to prevent the synergism between a paramyxovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in this study. A model of secondary bacterial pneumonia after infection with a recombinant Sendai virus whose hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene was replaced with that of human parainfluenza virus type 1 [rSV(hHN)] was established in mice. Challenge of mice with a sublethal dose of S. pneumoniae 7 days after a sublethal infection with rSV(hHN) (synergistic group) caused 100% mortality. Bacterial infection preceding viral infection had no effect on survival. The mean bacterial titers in the synergistic group were significantly higher than in mice infected with bacteria only. The virus titers were similar in mice infected with rSV(hHN) alone and in dually infected mice. Intranasal administration of BCX 2798 at 10 mg/kg per day to the synergistic group of mice starting 4 h before virus infection protected 80% of animals from death. This effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in lung viral and bacterial titers. Treatment of mice 24 h after the rSV(hHN) infection showed no protection against synergistic lethality. Together, our results indicate that parainfluenza viruses can prime for secondary bacterial infections. Prophylaxis of parainfluenza virus infections with antivirals might be an effective strategy for prevention of secondary bacterial complications in humans.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Alymova IV,Portner A,Takimoto T,Boyd KL,Babu YS,McCullers JAdoi
10.1128/AAC.49.1.398-405.2005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
398-405issue
1eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596pii
49/1/398journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three procedures were presented for appraising the ability of antibacterial chemicals and formulations to suppress the growth of microorganisms on human skin. In each of these, the microflora was quantified after the skin had been occlusively covered for a day or more, a circumstance which, in the absence of a deterre...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.5.3.323
更新日期:1974-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro and in vivo activities of a mixture of six oleane triterpene saponins, recovered from the methanolic extract of the leaves of the Vietnamese plant Maesa balansae (PX-6518), were evaluated against drug-sensitive visceral Leishmania strains. The in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) against intrace...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.48.1.130-136.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessment of drug susceptibility has become an integral part of influenza virus surveillance. In this study, we describe the drug resistance profile of influenza A(H3N2) virus, A/Mississippi/05/2011, collected from a patient treated with oseltamivir and detected via surveillance. An MDCK cell-grown isolate of this vi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01364-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yersinia enterocolitica has emerged as an enteropathogen associated with several types of human infections that often require antimicrobial therapy, but little is known about the antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogenic strains isolated from humans in Canada. To determine the present patterns of antimicrobial susc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.9.2121
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penetration of cefpiramide and cefazolin into a specific extravascular fluid was measured with rabbits bearing capsules in the peritoneal cavity. A general feature of slow accumulation and elimination of drugs from extravascular sites having low surface area/volume ratios has also been observed in this study. The caps...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.1.33
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoniazid (INH) remains the most safe and cost-effective drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of tuberculosis. The use of INH has increased over the past years, largely as a result of the coepidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is frequently given chronically to critically ill patients who are copre...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.45.2.382-392.2001
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the main mode of action of the subclass of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) is not based on disruption of the bacterial membrane. Instead, PrAMPs exploit the inner membrane transporters SbmA and YjiL/MdtM to pass through the bacterial membrane and enter the cytoso...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00534-18
更新日期:2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::A set of 20 nucleoside analogs were examined for their inhibitory effects on the cytopathogenicity and growth of influenza virus type A, B, and C strains in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Among the compounds evaluated, pyrazofurin, 3-deazaguanine, ribavirin, carbodine, and cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited vir...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.6.906
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was completely prevented by 0.06 mug of actinomycin D/ml, and 0.00375 mug/ml caused 90% inhibition. It thus appears that M. pneumoniae is more susceptible to actinomycin D than previously reported. Low concentrations (0.019 mug/ml) of the antibiotic primarily inhibited ribonucleic acid ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.4.3.376
更新日期:1973-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pefloxacin mesylate is well absorbed by the oral route. The antimicrobial activity in dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human plasma was essentially due to unchanged drug which respectively accounted for 64, 94, and 84% of the total activity (ratios derived from relative area under the curve [AUC] values). Half-lives ranged...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.25.4.463
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacodynamics of gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated in a dilutional pharmacodynamic model of infection. Dose fractionation was used to simulate concentrations of gemifloxacin in human serum associated with 640 mg every 48 h (one dose), 320 mg every 24 h (two doses), and 160 mg every...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.45.10.2916-2921.2001
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atazanavir (Reyataz; ATV) is a well-tolerated protease inhibitor (PI) that is indicated as a once-daily treatment for HIV infections. These features of ATV, combined with its virologic potency, make it particularly desirable for the treatment of HIV-infected pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to use a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00554-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied eight strains of Escherichia coli resistant to high levels of trimethoprim that were isolated over a 6-week period in a commercial breeding flock of broilers. The strains originated from fecal samples and from a carcass immediately after slaughter. Seven of eight strains belonged to the same infrequent biot...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.5.784
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An a priori pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target of 40% daily time above the MIC (T >MIC; based on the MIC(90) of 0.06 microg/ml for Streptococcus pyogenes reported in the literature) was shown to be achievable in a phase 1 study of 23 children with a once-daily (QD) modified-release, multiparticulate formul...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.00132-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wastewater is considered a major source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria released into the environment. Here, we characterized carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wastewater by whole-genome analysis. Wastewater samples (n = 40) were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants and hospital wast...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02501-17
更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are a dreaded complication mainly caused by biofilm-forming staphylococci. Implant surfaces preventing microbial colonization would be desirable. We examined the preventive effect of a silver-coated titanium-aluminum-niobium (TiAlNb) alloy. The surface elicited a strong, inoculum-d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02934-15
更新日期:2016-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to antifungal drugs, specifically azoles such as fluconazole, in the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans has become an increasing problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this resistance have only recently become apparent and can include a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.41.7.1482
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to drugs such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a major problem in malaria control. Artemisinin (ART) derivatives, particularly in combination with other drugs, are thus increasingly used to treat malaria, reducing the probability that parasites resistant to the compon...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.50.2.480-489.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of foscarnet against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated in nine HIV-infected individuals; six completed 28 days of induction therapy. The overall mean increase in CD4+ lymphocytes was 64 cells per mm3. The mean decline in the HIV antigen concentration was 108 pg/ml (P = 0.03), and suppression ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.38.3.604
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimethoprim resistance dihydrofolate reductase genes from plasmids known to be exchanging between human and animal populations were mapped. The dihydrofolate reductase gene has been highly conserved in all plasmids, but differences in the flanking regions provide evidence that the most recent exchange of plasmids bet...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.9.1440
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::β-Lactam antibiotics that inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the molecular basis underlying the different inhibitory potencies of β-lactams against specific PBPs is not fully understood. Here, we present the crystal structures of penicill...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00796-18
更新日期:2018-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::The penetration of ciprofloxacin into heart tissue (valve and myocardium), mediastinal fat, and sternal bone marrow was the object of a prospective nonrandomized study involving 36 patients undergoing mitral and/or aortic valve replacement. Patients were divided into two groups of 18. Group 1 patients were administere...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.3.398
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro susceptibility of 409 clinical isolates to HR 810, a new cephalosporin, was evaluated and compared with their susceptibility to aztreonam, cefazolin, ceftazidime, imipenem, moxalactam, piperacillin, and gentamicin. On a weight basis, the activity of HR 810 against gram-negative bacilli was equivalent or s...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.2.277
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antituberculosis drugs display large pharmacokinetic variability, which may be influenced by several factors, including body size, genetic differences, and drug-drug interactions. We set out to determine these factors, quantify their effect, and determine the dose adjustments necessary for optimal drug concentrations....
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02174-18
更新日期:2019-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::The syringopeptins are a group of antimicrobial cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by several plant-associated pseudomonads. A novel syringopeptin, SP508, was shown to be produced as two homologs (A and B) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strain 508 from apple and to structurally resemble syringopeptin SP22. SP50...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.12.5037-5045.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enterococcal peptide AS-48 exerts a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect on Enterococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens S-47; cell rescue by cardiolipin and trypsin can be effected only in the first few minutes after antibiotic addition. Gramicidin-exposed cells are protected from killing by AS-48. Long-term ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.33.5.641
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intermittent preventive treatment in infants with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTi-SP) reduces malaria episodes by 20 to 59% across Africa. This protective efficacy, however, may be affected by the high frequency of malnutrition in African infants. We analyzed the impact of malnutrition as defined by anthropometry on t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.01723-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demethylchlortetracycline and, to a lesser extent, chlortetracycline were found to mediate the in vitro photoinactivation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.10.1.176
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levofloxacin is an antituberculosis drug with substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic variability; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could therefore be helpful to improve treatment results. TDM would be more feasible with limited sampling strategies (LSSs), a method to estimate the area under the concentration cur...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01092-18
更新日期:2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Two optically active (100% enantiomeric excess) isomers of ofloxacin [(+/-)-ofloxacin; DL-8280; (+/-)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7 H-pyrido[1,2,3-de] [1,4] benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid] were prepared by use of their optically resolved synthetic intermediates. One of the isomers, (...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.29.1.163
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00