Abstract：
:The influence of spatial and temporal factors on onchocerciasis transmission by Simulium exiguum s.l. and S. quadrivittatum in Ecuador was investigated to help develop sampling protocols for entomological surveillance of ivermectin programmes. Flies were collected in alternate months (November 1995-November 1996) at four sites each in the hyperendemic communities of San Miguel and El Tigre. A fixed-effects analysis of variance was used to explore the influence on vector abundance of locality, site, month and hour. Infectivity rates detected by dissection and PCR assays were compared. Simulium exiguum s.l. predominated at El Tigre (75%) whereas S. quadrivittatum prevailed at San Miguel (62%). Vector abundance was highest on river banks and outside houses. Biting and infection rates peaked from March to July. Hourly activity patterns were bimodal in S. exiguum but unimodal in S. quadrivittatum. Annual transmission potentials (ATP) for both species combined were 385 and 733 third stage larvae/person in San Miguel and El Tigre respectively, with S. exiguum accounting for 80% of the combined ATP at both localities. We recommend protocols that may maximize detection of parasite transmission. Infection rates thus obtained must be linked with vector density estimates to assess meaningfully host exposure as treatment progresses.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Vieira JC,Brackenboro L,Porter CH,Basáñez MG,Collins RCdoi
10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.03.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-01 00:00:00pages
178-95issue
3eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503pii
S0035-9203(04)00226-3journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Mapping an area at risk of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in Africa has significant implications for their prevention and case treatment, through the targeted development of improved surveillance systems and control policies. Such an area was described using information obtained from published and unpublished r...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90089-1
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerable evidence documents the importance of co-factors, including the immune response, in expression of oncogenicity of tumour viruses. To determine whether a common protozoal infection that can depress lymphocyte function alters manifestations of oncogenic virus infection, a mouse model of Toxoplasma infection ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(85)90116-6
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abstract：:Kala-azar (VL), mainly affecting infants and young children, is being increasingly reported in the south-west of Saudi Arabia, 305 cases being diagnosed in 1988. Most cases arise in scattered locations in the foothills west of the Asir mountains at altitudes between about 500 and 1000 m, although case clusters are app...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90267-8
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abstract：:Community treatment with ivermectin was implemented in Opoa, French Polynesia from April 1991 to October 1993. All consenting inhabitants aged 3 years or more were treated with twice-yearly single doses of ivermectin, pregnant women excepted. A dosage of 100 microgram/kg was used for the 3 first treatments and then ab...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90439-3
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bacteria are sources of numerous molecules used in treatment of infectious diseases. We investigated effects of molecules produced by 26 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains against infection of mammalian cell cultures with Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. METHODS:Vero cells were infec...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trz136
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90268-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence (188 bp; SspI repeat) was tested for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in blood and urine samples collected during the day from individuals in Coque, Recife, Brazil, an endemic area for W. b...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91016-1
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin disease is among the most frequent causes of morbidity in Ethiopia, showing high prevalence in the general population and being the sixth most frequent cause of outpatient visits nationwide to health facilities. This study was aimed at describing skin disease patterns in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia through a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.028
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central nervous system involvement due to toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host is very rare. We report a case of an immunocompetent patient who presented with suspected tuberculous meningoencephalitis but showed no clinical response to antitubercular therapy. Later, toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis was proved by po...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.017
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of malnutrition, partly due to poor dietary practices. Misconceptions among the general population and medical personnel lead to withholding of food or avoiding the use of nutritious, locally available and affordable foods. Breast-feeding should not be interrupted during diarrhoea...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90138-o
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among many other factors, malaria plays a major causative role of anaemia globally. The mechanisms leading to anaemia in the course of malaria are extremely diverse, involving immunological factors that act differently according to age and malaria epidemiology. The malaria-attributable fraction of anaemia may then dif...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/tru012
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(95)90451-4
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tropical sprue, a primary malabsorption syndrome affecting residents and visitors to several tropical regions, occurs in southern India in endemic and epidemic forms. The stomach, the small intestine and colon are affected and malabsorption results in nutrient deficiency. Enterocyte damage, the primary lesion in south...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90247-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a longitudinal study to determine the effect of annual community-based treatment of ocular onchocerciasis with ivermectin, the population living in the 3 most affected villages in the holo-endemic onchocerciasis focus of Asubende in Ghana were re-examined 16 and 24 months after initiating treatment. Ocular microfil...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(91)90051-y
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.11.014
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were to analyze the seasonal distribution of infective larvae on the soil surface, to determine whether numbers of infective larvae near faeces were related to the faecal egg count of individuals, and to relate the distribution of larvae to environmental characteristics. Larvae were recovered fr...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90371-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using the IgG fraction of a monospecific sheep antiserum against the circulating anodic antigen (CAA) of Schistosoma mansoni, an indirect haemagglutination reaction for the determination of this antigen was developed. This is the first time that an IHA has been applied to the detection of circulating antigens in paras...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(78)90055-x
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Plasmodium vivax malaria has been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in several African countries. The prevalence was previously estimated as 2-5% in eastern Sudan. These estimates are observed to be rising and spreading continuously. The present study was undertaken to investigate the situation o...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trz044
更新日期：2019-06-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90214-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90104-k
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.07.017
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(87)90226-4
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Niclosamide was used to interrupt transmission of Schistosoma haematobium by Bulinus senegalensis in seasonal rainwater pools for a period of three years. Snail populations were progressively reduced to approximately 1% of the numbers in untreated pools. There was little or no evidence of acquisition of new infection ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90282-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven heterogeneous patients with inoperable hydatid disease were treated with high doses of oral mebendazole, up to 200 mg/kg/day for 16 to 48 weeks. Toxicity was not encountered. Despite careful assessment it proved difficult critically to evaluate the efficacy of mebendazole. In four patients chemotherapy appeared...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(82)90151-1
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Chronic hepatitis B infection affects 240 million people, with the highest prevalence in Africa and Asia, and results in 700 000 deaths annually. Access to diagnostics, particularly for hepatitis B virus viral load quantification (HBV DNA), is a major barrier to treatment. We aimed to test World Health Organ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/try117
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria transmission varies from village to village and even from family to family in the same village. The current study was conducted in northern Ethiopia to identify risk factors responsible for such variations in a hypoendemic highland malaria setting: 2114 children aged < 10 years living in 6 villages situated cl...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90424-3
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmanial antigen in circulating immune complexes (CIC) from sera of cotton-rats experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani and visceral leishmaniasis patients (VLP) was detected using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PEG-ELISA). The immune complexes were precipitated in the cold ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(94)90502-9
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two leishmanial stocks isolated in Egypt, one from a dog and the other from Rattus norvegicus, were typed according to their excreted factor (EF) serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their glucose phosphate isomerase. The canine isolate was indistinguishable from L. donovani (= L. infantum ) strains. The rat i...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90295-5
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have proven highly effective in reducing malaria morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was introduced in 2005 as a first-line ACT for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Rwanda. Monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of ACTs is necessa...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trz009
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During February and March of 1998, 12 sudden deaths were reported among residents of a high-Andean community in Ecuador. All 12 fatalities were members of the same extended family and some had apparent exposure to sick guinea-pigs. Following an initial investigation by public health officials, an additional death was ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90114-7
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
