Sheep grazing and rodent populations: evidence of negative interactions from a landscape scale experiment.

abstract：:In order to test the role of disturbance and the effects of disturbance frequency on stream communities, an experiment was conducted in New Hope Creek, North Carolina, USA. Patches of cobbles were tumbled 0, 1 or 2 times in a 6 week span. These tumbling disturbances lasted only 30 seconds. The recovery of the macroinv...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Reice SR

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal excavations of ramet systems in overlapping natural populations of Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia revealed intrapopulation variation in ramet size and reproduction. Reproductive "states" were recognized based on whether or not a ramet had flowered and the number of offspring ramets it possessed. As the g...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grace JB,Wetzel RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements are reported of carbon isotope ratios of Dudleya species growing in natural plant communities. Considerable variation in the δ13C values are interpreted as indicating substantial flexibility of the photosynthetic pathways between C3 and CAM. The variability in photosynthetic pathway was in response to gen...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Troughton JH,Mooney HA,Berry JA,Verity D

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most models of parental investment in offspring assume a trade-off between propagule size and number, and an increasing "concave down" function relating offspring fitness to propagule size. In this study, we test these two fundamental assumptions, using three closely related species of crickets, Gryllus firmus, G. vel...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Carrière Y,Roff DA

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of the xylem-tapping mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum on the nitrogen and water relations of its host Juniperus osteosperma was investigated under natural field conditions. Leaf conductance, leaf water potential, and leaf Kjeldahl nitrogen contents were followed through the growing season on mistletoes, i...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Ehleringer JR,Cook CS,Tieszen LL

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many organisms undergo ontogenetic niche shifts due to considerable changes in size during their development. These ontogenetic shifts can alter the trophic position of individuals, the type and strength of ecological interactions across species, and allow for cannibalism within species. In this study we ask if and ho...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rudolf VH,Armstrong J

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural regeneration of abandoned farmland provides an important opportunity to contribute to global reforestation targets, including the Bonn Challenge. Of particular importance are the montane tropics, where a long history of farming, frequently on marginal soils, has rendered many ecosystems highly degraded and hot...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hethcoat MG,King BJ,Castiblanco FF,Ortiz-Sepúlveda CM,Achiardi FCP,Edwards FA,Medina C,Gilroy JJ,Haugaasen T,Edwards DP

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CO2 assimilation rate (A) and leaf conductance (g) were measured in the field on intact branches of 35-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees, in five plots each in a healthy and a declining stand. The declining site included trees with yellow needles. In order to separate atmospheric effects on gas exchange from effe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Zimmermann R,Oren R,Schulze E-,Werk KS

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breeding birds were censused along four elevational gradients in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, and the Green Mountains, Vermont. The bird communities of the four gradients were basically similar in species composition, richness and amplitude patterns. Three measures of species diversity decreased with increasing...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Able KP,Noon BR

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relationships involving fire and perennial grasses are controversial in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands of southern New Mexico, USA. Research suggests that fire delays the resprouting of perennial grasses well after two growing seasons. However, such results are confounded by livestock grazing, soil erosion, and drought....

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Drewa PB,Peters DP,Havstad KM

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of species loss on ecosystems depend on the community's functional diversity (FD). However, how FD responds to environmental changes is poorly understood. This applies particularly to higher trophic levels, which regulate many ecosystem processes and are strongly affected by human-induced environmental cha...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Schuldt A,Bruelheide H,Durka W,Michalski SG,Purschke O,Assmann T

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that resource limits constrain the growth of mobile epifaunal populations associated withSargassum patens plants was investigated by placing plants and associated animals into field microcosms which excluded fish predators, and then comparing faunal abundance and size-structure changes in different mic...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Edgar GJ,Aoki M

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of diapause can be adaptive for egg survival during unfavorable conditions, while direct development can be advantageous under favorable conditions by allowing additional generations to exploit abundant resources. Therefore, the physiological capability of a female to respond to environmental cues indica...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Huestis DL,Marshall JL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is no correlation between protein-precipitating capacity and either total phenolic or proanthocyanidin content of extracts of mature foliage from six species of oaks: Quercus alba (white oak), Q. bicolor (swamp white oak), Q. macrocarpa (bur oak), Q. palustris (pin oak), Q. rubra (red oak), and Q. velutina (blac...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Martin JS,Martin MM

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pea aphids have several alternative responses to the detection of alarm pheromone produced by conspecifics. One of these, dropping from the feeding site to the ground, is potentially costly owing to the risk of desiccation-induced mortality on the ground before another host plant can be reached. Both dropping and walk...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Dill LM,Fraser AH,Roitberg BD

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enemies hypothesis states that reduced insect herbivory in mixed-species stands can be attributed to more effective top-down control by predators with increasing plant diversity. Although evidence for this mechanism exists for invertebrate predators, studies on avian predation are comparatively rare and have not e...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Muiruri EW,Rainio K,Koricheva J

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple life table model was constructed for Tetranychus urticae in which daily survivorship of eggs and motil stages, fecundity, and development time was altered to assess the impact of each parameter on the intrinsic rate of increase. r. Interpretation of the trade-offs focused on management considerations.A second...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Carey JR

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small forest dwelling mammals are considered to be major consumers and vectors of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which have lost the ability of active spore discharge. Fungal spore dispersal by mycophagy is deemed an important process involved in forest regeneration, resilience and vitality, primarily based on...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Schickmann S,Urban A,Kräutler K,Nopp-Mayr U,Hackländer K

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both phenotypic and genetic quality can influence the survival of individuals through time, although their relative influences are rarely addressed simultaneously. Here we used capture-mark-recapture modelling to assess the influence of both multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and body size on apparent adult survival in a...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Cézilly F,Quinard A,Motreuil S,Pradel R

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many global change drivers chronically alter resource availability in terrestrial ecosystems. Such resource alterations are known to affect aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in the short term; however, it is unknown if patterns of response change through time. We examined the magnitude, direction, and pattern ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Smith MD,La Pierre KJ,Collins SL,Knapp AK,Gross KL,Barrett JE,Frey SD,Gough L,Miller RJ,Morris JT,Rustad LE,Yarie J

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents tests of a model of wound-induced defence in herbaceous plants. Many studies have reported both chemical changes in leaves and changes in the behaviour and/or physiology of herbivores as a result of wounding leaves. These studies and others have led to the development of various models to explain w...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Coleman RA,Barker AM,Fenner M

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-trophic interactions, driven by one species changing the behavior but not density of another species, appear to be as pervasive as those involving consumption. However, ecologists have only begun to explore non-trophic interactions in species-rich communities. We investigated interactions within a community includ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Prasad RP,Snyder WE

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. There is a well-defined time sequence in the oxygen consumption of Porcellio scaber. A maximal rate (the 'active rate') is obtained in woodlice subjected to the maximal disturbance of food presentation, handling and light. After initial exploratory activity has ceased, the oxygen consumption declines through a seri...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Newell RC,Wieser W,Pye VI

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of herbaceous and woody plants from tropical woodland, savanna, and monsoon forest were analysed to determine the impact of environmental factors (nutrient and water availability, fire) and biological factors (microbial associations, systematics) on plant delta(15)N values. Foliar delta(15)N values of h...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Schmidt S,Stewart GR

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a field study of the haematocrit of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings when close to fledging. First a descriptive study was conducted of both fledgling and adult haematocrit over 2 years to analyse correlates of variation in this trait. Then a swapping experiment was performed to see whether var...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Potti J,Moreno J,Merino S,Frías O,Rodríguez R

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mimicry between rewarding and non-rewarding flowers within individuals has been accepted as a strategy favored by selection to deceive pollinators. It has been proposed that this mechanism relies on the exploitation of pollinator's sensory biases, but field evidence is still scarce. In this study, we describe the mech...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Castillo RA,Caballero H,Boege K,Fornoni J,Domínguez CA

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Central Negev, the arido-active Hammada scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) is mainly distributed in runnels and loessial plains of the wadis and exists with fewer and smaller individuals on slopes and tops of the neighboring hills. At the end of the dry season, water relations and chloride content of plants from these h...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kappen L,Lange OL,Schulze ED,Evenari M,Buschbom U

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Competition between larvae of two anuran species (Bufo bufo and B. calamita) was investigated under field conditions likely to disfavour cell-mediated interference mechanisms. The experiment used triplicated cage treatments in an unshaded farm pond, a poor habitat for the unicellular pathogen Anurofeca richardsi impli...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bardsley L,Beebee TJ

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anthropogenic disturbance can have important indirect effects on ecosystems by disrupting species interactions. Here we examine the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on distance dispersal by ants for the diaspores of myrmecochorous Euphorbiaceae in Brazilian Caatinga. Rates of diaspore removal and distances removed...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Leal LC,Andersen AN,Leal IR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Floral visitors vary in their pollination efficiency and their preferences for floral traits. If low-efficiency pollinators decrease the amount of pollen available to higher efficiency visitors, then low-efficiency visitors may actually have negative fitness consequences for the plants that they visit. We used experim...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Lau JA,Galloway LF

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00