Abstract:
:Floral visitors vary in their pollination efficiency and their preferences for floral traits. If low-efficiency pollinators decrease the amount of pollen available to higher efficiency visitors, then low-efficiency visitors may actually have negative fitness consequences for the plants that they visit. We used experimental arrays in two populations to determine the floral preferences and the fitness effects of low-efficiency (or "ugly") pollinators on Campanula americana. These ugly pollinators (halictid bees) preferentially visited flowers with pollen over flowers that had had their pollen removed. C. americana pollen color varies quantitatively from light tan to dark purple, and we found that natural variation in pollen color influenced the magnitude of halictid preferences for flowers with pollen. In general, preferences for flowers with pollen were stronger when the ugly pollinators foraged in arrays of flowers with tan-colored pollen than in arrays with purple-colored pollen. When plants received few visits by efficient Bombus pollinators, visits by ugly pollinators significantly decreased siring success relative to plants where visits by ugly pollinators were prevented. In contrast, ugly pollinators did not influence siring success when higher efficiency pollinators were more abundant. Thus, the relationship between low-efficiency pollinators and the plants that they visit varies from commensalistic to antagonistic depending on the presence of other pollinators in the community. Our findings suggest that the negative fitness effects and floral preferences of low-efficiency or "ugly" pollinators may contribute to the maintenance of a pollen color polymorphism in C. americana.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Lau JA,Galloway LFdoi
10.1007/s00442-004-1677-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
577-83issue
4eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939journal_volume
141pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::Studies on iron reduction and the mechanism of gley formation by nitrogen-fixing clostridia are reported. Up to 106 cells/g soil of anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing clostridia, capable of reducing iron (III)-oxide, were counted in samples taken from various top soils. In a gleyed subsoil as many as 105 bacteria per g soil, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345718
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding and explaining the causes of variation in food-chain length is a fundamental challenge for community ecology. The productive-space hypothesis, which suggests food-chain length is determined by the combination of local resource availability and ecosystem size, is central to this challenge. Two different a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0798-8
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and desert woodrats (N. lepida) experience pronounced seasonal variations in the aridity of their habitats. The effects of seasonal aridity upon the water conserving abilities of these species were assessed through measurements of water conserving abilities and kidney structure...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346564
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity in life-history characteristics was investigated in three populations of Plantago major L. ssp. pleiosperma (Pilger), a self-compatible, wind pollinated species with a high self-fertilization rate. The populations studied were selected for their marked differences in biomass accumulation and habitat charact...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399033
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semi-arid ecosystems are strongly water-limited and typically quite responsive to changes in precipitation amount and event size. In the C4-dominated shortgrass steppe of the Central US, previous experiments suggest that large rain events more effectively stimulate plant growth and aboveground net primary production (...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04515-9
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the functional response and foraging behavior of young moose (Alces alces) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) relative to animal size and the size and distribution of browse patches. The animals were offered one, three, or nine stems of dormant red maple (Acer rubrum) in hand-assembled patches ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00365569
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial genetic patterns can be influenced by a broad range of factors across a landscape. The hypothesis that heterogeneous vegetation and habitat fragmentation rather than water flow influence genetic patterns in two riparian plant species with different niches was tested. Genotyping by sequencing was used to assess...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4226-z
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The random-mixing assumptions of many parasite-transmission models are challenged if healthy individuals can alter their behaviour to reduce their risk of infection. Some pathogens reduce the attractiveness of their hosts' excretions, for example, potentially altering contact rates and thus the predicted force of infe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3072-x
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple life table model was constructed for Tetranychus urticae in which daily survivorship of eggs and motil stages, fecundity, and development time was altered to assess the impact of each parameter on the intrinsic rate of increase. r. Interpretation of the trade-offs focused on management considerations.A second...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00367964
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stand thinning across different soil drainage types was used to test the ecophysiological basis for the control of foliar monoterpenes in current-year foliage of balsam trees [Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.] the year following treatment. Photosynthetic capacity (A max) was greater on mesic sites than on sub-hygric and h...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100778
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologically isolated habitats (e.g., oceanic islands) favor the appearance of small assemblages of pollinators, generally characterized by highly contrasted life modes (e.g., birds, lizards), and opportunistic nectar-feeding behavior. Different life modes should promote a low functional equivalence among pollinators,...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2606-y
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined under laboratory conditions the thermopreference of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, following infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and its influence on mycosis. Infected locusts raised their body temperature more frequently than healthy consp...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1431-0
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal-pollinated invasive species have frequently been demonstrated to outcompete native species for pollinator attention, which can have detrimental effects on the reproductive success and population dynamics of native species. Many animal-pollinated invasive species exhibit showy flowers and provide substantial rew...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2513-7
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in plant resistance to pathogen infection is commonly observed in interactions between wild plants and their foliar pathogens. Models of host-pathogen interactions indicate that a large cost of infection is generally necessary to maintain this variation, yet there is limited evidence that foliar pathogens ca...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0631-9
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants of the cerrado tree species Qualea grandiflora and the annual herb Bidens gardneri were grown from seed in controlled environment rooms at 30/20° C and 12 hour photoperiod. Seedlings were grown in pots or small tubes containing sand and provided with various amounts of mineral solutions based on the formulation...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318536
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of hunger level and predation risk on habitat choice and foraging in crucian carp, Carassius carassius, were studied in a laboratory experiment. Experiments were carried out in aquaria with or without a predator (pike, Esox lucius). Habitat use and foraging activity of three-fish foraging groups of eithe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00320988
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A search for desiccation tolerant grasses in India revealed nine grass species (in the genera Eragrostiella, Oropetium and Tripogon) whose ability to recover from airdryness had not previously been reported. Dry leaves of these species recover uninjured within 24 h of plants receiving water. Desiccation tolerance limi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377337
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory responses of parasitoids can be variable. This was shown by olfactometer experiments with females of two sibling Asobara species, larval endoparasitoids of Drosophilidae. Oviposition experiences of adult female parasitoids significantly altered their behavioural responses in microhabitat and host location. F...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379874
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tendency of mammals to increase or decrease body size with respect to geography or time depends on the abundance, availability, and size of resources. This dependency accounts for a change in mass with respect to geography, including latitude (Bergmann's rule), a desert existence, and life on oceanic islands (the ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1621-5
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canopy CO2 concentrations in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana were measured continuously for 5 days during the 1994 dry season and the 1995 wet season. Carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) throughout the canopy (0.02-38 m) showed a distinct daily pattern, were well-stratified and decreased with increasing heigh...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050140
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small changes in environmental conditions can unexpectedly tip an ecosystem from one community type to another, and these often irreversible shifts have been observed in semi-arid grasslands, freshwater lakes and ponds, coral reefs, and kelp forests. A commonly accepted explanation is that these ecosystems contain mul...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1350-9
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Energy metabolism (oxygen consumption) in acclimated juvenile yellow banded and unbanded Cepaea hortensis Müll. was measured at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°C with Englemann respirometers. Metabolic rates were also measured after abrupt temperature changes from 5° to 20° and from 25° to 10°C.Energy metabolism in the two ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345000
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal endosymbionts in plants may influence interactions among plants, herbivores and their parasitoids through the production of secondary metabolites. We used a lepidopteran pest and its generalist parasitoid to test the effect of endophyte-infected plants on a third trophic level. Endophytic fungi, Aspergillus fla...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3358-7
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper considers a model of competition, based upon the Lotka-Volterra equations, which explicitly considers the effect of density independent mortality upon the outcome of competition. The model's possible application to wild Drosophila species in Europe are considered. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345527
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endozoochory plays a prominent role for the dispersal of seed plants, and dispersal vectors are well known. However, for taxa such as ferns and bryophytes, endozoochory has only been suggested anecdotally but never tested in controlled experiments. We fed fertile leaflets of three ferns and capsules of four bryophyte ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2536-0
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypotheses about the influence of intraspecific density and available cover on home range size (=mean activity radius) of a plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus monticola) were tested by field experimentation from June 1980 to October 1981. A second order mountain stream in southwestern North Carolina was marked into...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378306
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size-limited predation is an important process during the development of many aquatic species, and mortality rates of early larval stages and small individuals can be particularly high. Structurally complex habitats can mediate predator-prey interactions and provide a potentially important mechanism for decreasing pre...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050444
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of hydraulic disturbances on the impact of two predatory benthic invertebrates on their prey were examined in a stream at two distinct spatial scales. At the scale of small habitat patches (0.0625 m2), hydraulic patch type was an important determinant of the microdistribution of prey and predators. Prey ab...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328448
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium is an essential micronutrient for birds during egg formation and for skeletal development in nestlings. Habitat level studies suggest that birds breeding in low-calcium areas may be limited in the size or number of eggs they lay and in the quality of their nestlings. However, as birds forage non-randomly and m...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1222-8
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The species composition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal communities changed during secondary succession of abandoned fields based on a field to forest chronosequence. Twenty-five VAM fungal species were identified. Seven species were clearly early successional and five species were clearly late succes...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317600
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00