Abstract:
:In the Central Negev, the arido-active Hammada scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) is mainly distributed in runnels and loessial plains of the wadis and exists with fewer and smaller individuals on slopes and tops of the neighboring hills. At the end of the dry season, water relations and chloride content of plants from these habitats and of artificially irrigated plants were determined and compared with plant shape and photosynthetic activity. The osmotic potentials and total water potentials of the plants differ characteristically with certain groups of stands. The simultaneously determined range of noon water potentials of the plants within a transect is as high as the annual amplitude of one plant individuum in the wadi (about 45 bars). Plants in the runnel of the wadi show, like the irrigated plants, the highest values of water potentials and their components but markedly lower chloride content than the irrigated ones. Total water and osmotic potentials of plants of the loessial wadi plains are extremely low. Their chloride content is not very high in contrast to that of plants of the hillslope and hilltop. Hill plants, although poorly developed and scarcely branched, have higher water and osmotic potentials than those of the plains.Net photosynthesis of a plant on a natural stand of the wadi plain is, in September, markedly depressed at noon but maximal at noon in an artificially irrigated plant. In contrast to irrigated and nonirrigated wadi plants, a plant of the hillslope shows, already in July, a midday depression of photosynthesis. Whether the relatively low water potentials of the big plants of the loessial plains are the results of a rapid biomass production in the rainy season which might have caused a very strong exhaustion of the soil water reserves for the late summer is discussed. Hill plants do not grow so well and obviously decrease their water exchange even in summer.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Kappen L,Lange OL,Schulze ED,Evenari M,Buschbom Udoi
10.1007/BF00345961subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-12-01 00:00:00pages
323-334issue
4eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00345961journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::Short-term effects of environmental perturbations on various life history traits are reasonably well documented in birds and mammals. But, in the present context of global climate change, there is a need to consider potential long-term effects of natal conditions to better understand and predict the consequences of th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1482-y
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In resource-limited savannas, the distribution and abundance of fine roots play an important role in acquiring essential resources and structuring vegetation patterns and dynamics. However, little is known regarding the three-dimensional distribution of fine roots in savanna ecosystems at the landscape scale. We quant...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4083-9
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing recognition that changes in vegetation composition can strongly influence peatland carbon cycling, with potential feedbacks to future climate. Nevertheless, despite accelerated climate and vegetation change in this ecosystem, the growth responses of peatland plant species to combined warming and veget...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3254-1
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locomotory efficiency and potential has been studied in three species of the waterboatman Notonecta in relation to the predation strategies of these bugs.Morphometric analysis, estimating likely relative drag forces, mechanical advantages of the swimming legs and leg length/body length ratios allowed an estimation of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00363849
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In an attempt to evaluate the importance of individual daily habits to a freeliving animal, foraging behaviour of kestrels was observed continuously for days in sequence in open country. Data obtained in 2,942 observation hours were used. Flight-hunting was the prominent foraging technique yielding 76% of all prey ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344982
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the response of the birch tube-maker Acrobasis betulella Hulst (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to habitat patch isolation and edges. Density of A.␣betulella larva was higher on distant islands than on islands close to the shore. Following experimental removal of all larvae from the islands, adults were able to re...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050134
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many organisms undergo ontogenetic niche shifts due to considerable changes in size during their development. These ontogenetic shifts can alter the trophic position of individuals, the type and strength of ecological interactions across species, and allow for cannibalism within species. In this study we ask if and ho...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1107-x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linking spatial variation in environmental factors to variation in demographic rates is essential for a mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of populations. However, we still know relatively little about such links, partly because feedbacks via intraspecific density make them difficult to observe in natural popul...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3073-9
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) increases in body depth in response to chemical cues from piscivores and the deeper body constitutes a morphological defence against gape-limited piscivores. In the field, deep-bodied individuals suffer a density-dependent cost when competing with shallow-bodied conspecifics. Here, w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050901
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, have strong effects on the activity, habitat use, social interactions and mating dynamics of a stream-dwelling water strider, Aquarius remigis (family Gerridae, hence, gerrids). In nature, however, stream pools often contain not just sunfish and water ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328544
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interspecific relationships such as mutualism and parasitism are major drivers of biodiversity. Because such interactions often comprise more than two species, ecological studies increasingly focus on complex multispecies systems. However, the spatial heterogeneity of multi-species interactions is often poorly underst...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2615-x
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on soil nutrient availability for humid tropical forests are often reported, but are rarely integrated in an ecologically meaningful way with other measures of nutrient cycling. In this paper, estimates of soil nutrient availability and the inverse of litterfall nutrient concentrations (as an index of plant nutri...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00324222
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reanalysis of data presented by Henneman (1983) to examine the relationship between intrinsic rate of increase and basal metabolism suggests there is no statistically significant correlation between the two variables when both are treated with comparable statistical techniques. In addition, I suggest there is no the...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379142
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Availability of light and water differs between tropical moist and dry forests, with typically higher understorey light levels and lower water availability in the latter. Therefore, growth trajectories of juvenile trees--those that have not attained the canopy--are likely governed by temporal fluctuations in light ava...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1540-5
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have analysed plant responses to flooding or drought separately, without addressing the relations between plant resistance to each of these factors. In this paper, we compare the responses to drought and flooding under glasshouse conditions of three populations of Paspalum dilatatum, a perennial C4 grass ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00334652
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproduction is an important life history trait that strongly affects dynamics of plant populations. Although it has been well documented that elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere greatly enhances biomass production in plants, the overall effect of elevated CO2 on reproductive allocation (RA), i.e., the pro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3191-4
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of small mammals to nitrogen cycling could have repercussions for the producer community in the maintaining or perhaps magnifying of nitrogen availability. Our objective was to model nitrogen outputs (deposition of feces and urine) of small mammals in an old-field ecosystem and estimate the amount of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0004-9
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gas exchange characteristics under steadystate and transient light conditions were determined for a redwood forest understory herb Adenocaulon bicolor, that depends on use of sunflecks for a large fraction of its daily carbon gain. Measurements under steady-state conditions indicated that this species has photosyn...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00380068
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal measurements of microclimatic conditions were compared to seasonal indices of leaf structural components and plant water relations in Prosopis glandulosa var. torryana. P. glandulosa had two short periods of leaf production which resulted in two distinct even aged cohorts of leaves. The two leaf cohorts (summ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399043
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The locomotor activity of European salamanders differs from species to species. At all stages of development Triturus vulgaris is more light-active, Salamandra salamandra is dark-active, while Triturus alpestris and cristatus occupy an intermediate position. 2. The activity of the larvae is high but the rhythm is n...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345813
更新日期:1971-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arthropods and pathogens damage leaves in natural ecosystems and may reduce photosynthesis at some distance away from directly injured tissue. We quantified the indirect effects of naturally occurring biotic damage on leaf-level photosystem II operating efficiency (Phi(PSII)) of 11 understory hardwood tree species usi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0444-x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naïveté can occur within any novel antagonistic interaction, and competitive forces play a fundamental role in shaping community structure, yet competitive naïveté has received very little attention in the literature to date. Naïveté towards a novel competitor is unlikely to result in immediate mortality, but could po...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2874-6
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant species and functionally related species groups from arid and semi-arid habitats vary in their capacity to take up summer precipitation, acquire nitrogen quickly after summer precipitation, and subsequently respond with ecophysiological changes (e.g. water and nitrogen relations, gas exchange). For species that ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1403-4
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The duration times of the eggs, nauplii and copepodites of Cyclops vicinus and Eudiaptomus gracilis were obtained, by experiment, at 5, 10, 15 and 20°C. In contrast with previously published work on copepod development, the ovigerous females, used in the cultures at these temperatures, were removed from a water storag...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344742
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of nitrogen availability on growth and the patterns of dry matter and nitrogen allocation of the dune grasses Ammophila arenaria and Elymus mollis. Plants were grown from rhizome segments under near-ambient coastal conditions and received either high or low...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379585
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rich mammalian fauna is found on islands that lie on the Sunda Shelf, a continental shelf extending from Vietnam to Borneo and Java that was periodically exposed as dry land during the Pleistocene. The correlation between log of island area and number of species is high (r 2=0.94); the slope of the curve is moderate...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379083
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the performance of two estimators of species richness, the Chao2 and the Coleman 'random placement curve'. Using a dataset of intertidal fish from the Norwegian Skagerrak coast, we found that Chao2 was effective for low sampling intensity, often reaching asymptotic values for few samples, but for higher sa...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0049-9
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural abundance of (15)N and [N] was studied in thalli of mat-forming lichens collected from tundra and heathland sites in the northern and southern hemispheres. The study includes samples of British Cladonia portentosa from sites in regions of high and low N-loading and in heathland growing both directly on peat an...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1201-z
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined how different exploratory behavioral types of largemouth bass responded to differing prey communities by determining effects on growth, survival and diet in experimental ponds. We found evidence that non-explorer largemouth bass target young-of-year bluegill early on in life, but bluegill were not an impor...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3681-7
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The invasion by winter-annual grasses (AGs) such as Bromus tectorum into sagebrush steppe throughout the western USA is a classic example of a biological invasion with multiple, interacting climate, soil and biotic factors driving the invasion, although few studies have examined all components together. Across a 6000-...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3583-8
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00