Functional marker genes for identification of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes.

abstract：:Nanotechnology offers a new platform for therapeutic delivery of antiretrovirals to the central nervous system (CNS) where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is sequestered in patients with HIV-1-associated neurological disorders (HAND). HAND is a spectrum of neurocognitive disorders that continue to persist in HIV-...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mahajan SD,Law WC,Aalinkeel R,Reynolds J,Nair BB,Yong KT,Roy I,Prasad PN,Schwartz SA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrin adhesion receptors mediate cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion and provide a continuous link for the bidirectional transmission of mechanical force and biochemical signals across the plasma membrane. Integrin-dependent cellular activities such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival rely upon t...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lad Y,Harburger DS,Calderwood DA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a method for determining the concentration of a nucleic acid sample. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kolitz S,Lorsch J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When isolating ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes by an affinity selection approach, tagging the RNA component can prove to be strategically important. This is especially true for purifying single types of snoRNPs, because in most cases the snoRNA is thought to be the only unique component. Here, we present a general s...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Piekna-Przybylska D,Liu B,Fournier MJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein oxidation is implicated in atherogenesis and other inflammatory conditions. Measuring levels of chlorinated and nitrated proteins in biological matrices serves as a quantitative index of oxidative stress in vivo. One potential mechanism for oxidative stress involves myeloperoxidase, a heme protein expressed by...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Shao B,Heinecke JW

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) provides unique information on biomolecules by monitoring the behavior of a stable radical tag (i.e., spin label) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this chapter, we describe an approach in which SDSL is integrated with computational modelin...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tangprasertchai NS,Zhang X,Ding Y,Tham K,Rohs R,Haworth IS,Qin PZ

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In human, rat, and mice, a UGT1 complex locus provides for developmental-, inducer-, and cell-specific synthesis of a family of chemical-detoxifying isozymes, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, which prevent toxicities, mutagenesis, and/or carcinogenesis. Between 10 and 14 first exons with individual promoter elements are ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Owens IS,Basu NK,Banerjee R

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone, hormone-like substances, and neuroendocrine peptides are natural constituents of milk, and they may have an important physiological and pharmacological role in neonate development. The concentration of these peptides in milk greatly exceeds those in serum and implies an active concentration mechanism in the m...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hazum E

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fact that chemical exchange processes occur at rates that cover a broad range and produce readily detectable effects on the spectrum is one of the attractive features of high-resolution NMR. The description of these line shapes in the presence of spin-spin coupling requires the density matrix theory which is rathe...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rao BD

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that controls the mammalian cellular transcriptional response to low oxygen tension by up-regulating genes including glycolytic enzymes and angiogenic factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)....

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Doedens A,Johnson RS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulsed electron double resonance technique, also known as double electron-electron resonance, jointly with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) have been used extensively for studying structures and structural change. During the last decades, significant enhancements have been made by optimization of the experimental pr...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： El Mkami H,Norman DG

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patient-derived xenografts are a useful tool in cancer immunology, as they allow researchers to study human cancers in vivo when starting with a relatively small amount of human tumor tissue. These models make it possible to study tumor cell-intrinsic changes that occur in response to external stimuli including cytoki...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cardenas JJ,Robles-Oteiza C,Politi K

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated protein degradation is a key cellular defense mechanism that detects and eliminates defective proteins. A major intracellular site of protein quality control degradation is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hence the term ER-associated degradation, or endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mashahreh B,Reiss Y,Wiener R,Ravid T

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life cell imaging is a tool for cell biology that has provided invaluable insights into many dynamic processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, or endo- and exocytosis. While observing cells by time-lapse imaging is a standard procedure in many systems, this technique was until recently not available for blood st...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Grüring C,Spielmann T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When yeast are faced with irreparable DNA damage, they will first arrest in G2/M, via the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, but will subsequently adapt to that arrest and resume division. Here, we summarize assays that we have used to examine checkpoint adaptation. Specifically, we discuss the merits of inducing DNA dama...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Toczyski DP

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bispecific antibodies may be used to improve clinical efficacy by targeting two disease mechanisms for the treatment of complex human diseases in a single agent. Bispecific antibodies also hold promise for certain therapeutic applications difficult to achieve by single-targeting monospecific antibodies, such as immune...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gu J,Ghayur T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CRISPR-Cas systems protect prokaryotic cells from invading phages and plasmids by recognizing and cleaving foreign nucleic acid sequences specified by CRISPR RNA spacer sequences. Several CRISPR-Cas systems have been widely used as tool for genetic engineering. In DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas nucleoprotein effector comple...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mekler V,Kuznedelov K,Minakhin L,Murugan K,Sashital DG,Severinov K

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The JNKs (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases) play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological functions including induction of apoptosis. A major pathway by which JNKs are activated in response to apoptotic stimuli includes the GTP*Rac1-binding scaffold protein POSH (plenty of SH3s). POSH acts as a s...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Xu Z,Greene LA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes a general protein-to-protein cross-linking procedure using the water-soluble amine-reactive homobifunctional BS(3) (bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate); however, the protocol can be easily adapted using other cross-linkers of similar properties. BS(3) is composed of two sulfo-NHS ester groups and ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Alegria-Schaffer A

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogen-host interactions are mediated in part by secreted microbial proteins capable of exploiting host cells for their survival. Several of these manipulations involve, but are not limited to, suppression of defense responses, alterations in host vesicular trafficking, and manipulation of gene expression. The deliv...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clark HR,Hayes TA,Kale SD

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging that involves contact with dying yeast cells is one of the differential processes between sparkling and still wine production. The release of the products of autolysis during this aging step is fundamental for the quality of sparkling wines made by the traditional method. These cells undergo an autolysis process...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cebollero E,Rejas MT,González R

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modular calcium-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of mammalian glycan-binding receptors (C-type lectins), engineered to have novel glycan-binding selectivity, have been developed as tools for the study of glycans on cell surfaces. Structure-based specificity swapping between domains can be complemented...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Powlesland AS,Quintero-Martinez A,Lim PG,Pipirou Z,Taylor ME,Drickamer K

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This protocol describes Coomassie brilliant blue staining, one of the most common methods of detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels (PAGE). ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brunelle JL,Green R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of a collection of transposon Tn5 derivatives that generate reporter gene fusions and internal protein tags are summarized. Procedures utilizing several of the transposons for generating genes activated by Cre-loxP recombination and for creating large sequence-defined mutant libraries are described in d...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gallagher L,Turner C,Ramage E,Manoil C

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Making error-free, custom DNA assemblies from potentially faulty building blocks is a fundamental challenge in synthetic biology. Here, we show how recursion can be used to address this challenge using a recursive procedure that constructs error-free DNA molecules and their libraries from error-prone synthetic oligonu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yehezkel TB,Linshiz G,Kaplan S,Gronau I,Ravid S,Adar R,Shapiro E

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid aggregates are associated with a number of mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. Infectious aggregates of the mammalian prion protein PrP(sc) are hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans and cattle (Griffith, 1967; Legname et al., 2004; Prusiner, 1982; Silveira et al., 2004). Likewise, ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bagriantsev SN,Kushnirov VV,Liebman SW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA folds during transcription in the cell. Compared to most in vitro studies where the focus is generally on Mg(2+)-initiated refolding of fully synthesized transcripts, cotranscriptional RNA folding studies better replicate how RNA folds in a cellular environment. Unique aspects of cotranscriptional folding include ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wong TN,Pan T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant proportion of RNA decay in eukaryotes takes place in the nucleus. In addition to targeting nongenic RNAs such as products of processing and spurious transcription events, nuclear RNA decay also removes aberrant transcripts from regular genes. Moreover, a small list of genes utilizes nuclear RNA turnover ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Schmid M,Rougemaille M,Libri D,Jensen TH

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of 5-methyluridine (ribothymidine) at position 54 of the T-psi loop of tRNA is catalyzed by site-specific tRNA methyltransferases (tRNA[uracil-54,C5]-MTases). In eukaryotes and many bacteria, the methyl donor for this reaction is generally S-adenosyl-L-methionine (S-AdoMet). However, in other bacteria, like ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Urbonavicius J,Brochier-Armanet C,Skouloubris S,Myllykallio H,Grosjean H

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligomerization is a frequently encountered physical characteristic of biological molecules that occurs for a wide number of transcription factors, ion channels, oxygen-carrying macromolecules such as hemocyanin and enzymes. On the other hand, unwanted protein oligomerization can lead to the formation of pathogenic st...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barranco-Medina S,Dietz KJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00