Isolation and identification of neuroendocrine peptides from milk.

abstract：:Modular calcium-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of mammalian glycan-binding receptors (C-type lectins), engineered to have novel glycan-binding selectivity, have been developed as tools for the study of glycans on cell surfaces. Structure-based specificity swapping between domains can be complemented...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Powlesland AS,Quintero-Martinez A,Lim PG,Pipirou Z,Taylor ME,Drickamer K

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging that involves contact with dying yeast cells is one of the differential processes between sparkling and still wine production. The release of the products of autolysis during this aging step is fundamental for the quality of sparkling wines made by the traditional method. These cells undergo an autolysis process...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cebollero E,Rejas MT,González R

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5-FOA is an extremely useful reagent for the selection of Ura- cells amid a population of Ura+ cells. The selection is effective in transformation and recombination studies where loss of URA3+ is desired. A new plasmid shuffling procedure based on the 5-FOAR selection permits the recovery of conditional lethal mutatio...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Boeke JD,Trueheart J,Natsoulis G,Fink GR

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone chaperones-key actors in the dynamic organization of chromatin-interact with the various histone variants to ensure their transfer in and out of chromatin. In vitro chromatin assembly assays and isolation of protein complexes using tagged histone variants provided first clues concerning their binding specifici...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clément C,Vassias I,Ray-Gallet D,Almouzni G

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically encodable RNA devices that directly detect small molecules in the cellular environment are of increasing interest for a variety of applications including live cell imaging and synthetic biology. Riboswitches are naturally occurring sensors of intracellular metabolites, primarily found in the bacterial mRNA...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Trausch JJ,Batey RT

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequence analysis of synthetic peptides using Edman chemistry can be very useful for the elucidation of certain types of synthetic problems, such as residue deletions and the presence of common stable derivatives, and for following the progress of the synthesis itself. However, it can also be a relatively poor techniq...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Grant GA,Crankshaw MW,Gorka J

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide formation in ischemia-reperfusion injury can be identified and measured directly using EPR of nitroso-heme complexes comprising NO bound to either Mb or Hb-Fe2+. This article described the successful use of this method to detect and quantify the generation of NO formed independently of nitric oxide syntha...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lepore DA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to produce a full quantitative description of yeast metabolism, a number of kinetic parameters of enzymes that are important for energy metabolism must be determined experimentally. We aim to determine the prospective in vivo kinetic properties of a range of yeast-purified isoenzymes that are important in ene...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Messiha HL,Malys N,Carroll KM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe methods for expressing and isolating formin proteins from a wide range of species and comparing quantitatively their effects on actin assembly. We first developed these procedures for purification of S. cerevisiae formins Bni1 and Bnr1 but have extended them to mammalian formins, including mouse mDia1 and ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moseley JB,Maiti S,Goode BL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adiponectin is a circulating bioactive hormone secreted by adipocytes as oligomers ranging in size from 90 kDa trimers and 180 kDa hexamers to larger high molecular weight oligomers that may reach 18- or 36-mers in size. While total circulating adiponectin levels correlate well with metabolic health, it is the relativ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rutkowski JM,Scherer PE

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PYP-phytochrome (Ppr) is a unique photoreceptor that contains a blue light-absorbing photoactive yellow protein (PYP) domain, a red light-absorbing phytochrome domain, and a histidine kinase domain. This chapter describes overexpression of Ppr in a strain of Escherichia coli that allows covalent attachment of substoic...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chung YH,Masuda S,Bauer CE

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies are excellent binding proteins that have found numerous applications in biological research, biotechnology, and medicine. Characterization of their ligand binding properties has long been, and continues to be, the focus of many researchers. Antibodies are also perfect test systems which can be used for the ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tetin SY,Ruan Q,Skinner JP

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are essential tools in modern biological research, and recent advances in fluorescent proteins (FPs) have expanded the scope of sensor design and implementation. In this review we compare different sensor platforms, including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors, flu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Sanford L,Palmer A

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter presents methodologies for RNA extraction from soils coupled with competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis techniques. Combined, these approaches provide new capabilities to quantify gene expression in different environments and can aid our understanding of...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Semrau JD,Han JI

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this chapter we discuss methods to study autophagic cell death. A large body of evidence demonstrates that autophagy is a cell survival mechanism in response to starvation. The role of autophagy in cell death, however, has long been controversial. Recently, molecular approaches have provided direct evidence that au...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lenardo MJ,McPhee CK,Yu L

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer has become the leading cause of death in the developed world and has remained one of the most difficult diseases to treat. One of the difficulties in treating cancer is that conventional chemotherapies often have unacceptable toxicities toward normal cells at the doses required to kill tumor cells. Thus, the de...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cantor JR,Panayiotou V,Agnello G,Georgiou G,Stone EM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ClpB belongs to the Hsp100 family of ring-forming heat-shock proteins involved in degradation of unfolded/misfolded proteins and in reactivation of protein aggregates. ClpB monomers reversibly associate to form the hexameric molecular chaperone that, together with the DnaK system, has the ability to disaggregate stres...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Alfonso C,del Castillo U,Martín I,Muga A,Rivas G

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concomitant with the rapid development in biomedical knowledge, including the methods of molecular biology and proteomics, and the manufacture of ever more precise optical instruments, powerful lasers, and sophisticated microcomputing hardware and software, laser microdissection systems have emerged which are now ente...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Willenberg HS,Walters R,Bornstein SR

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavoenzymes comprise a large class of proteins that carry out a diverse range of important redox chemistry. Although X-ray crystal structures of many flavoenzymes have been determined, there are still unresolved questions regarding the actual oxidation state of the flavin cofactors in these structures due to photored...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kerber T,Vrielink A

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two factors, climate change brought on by rising atmospheric CO2 levels and the accelerating shift toward renewable energy sources, have together worked to heighten interest in understanding how biological catalysts so effectively bring about the reduction of CO2 to formate, with potential applications for both biorem...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Niks D,Hille R

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Slp4-a/granuphilin-a is a member of the synaptotagmin-like protein (Slp) family and consists of an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains. Slp4-a is specifically localized on secretory granules in some endocrine and exocrine cells through its SHD, and it attenuates Ca(2+)-dependent dense...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Fukuda M,Kanno E

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The remarkable success of cancer immunotherapies, especially the checkpoint blocking antibodies, in a subset of patients has reinvigorated the study of tumor-immune crosstalk and its role in heterogeneity of response. High-throughput sequencing and imaging technologies can help recapitulate various aspects of the tumo...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bhinder B,Elemento O

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonribosomal peptides are natural products typically of bacterial and fungal origin. These highly complex molecules display a broad spectrum of biological activities, and have been exploited for the development of immunosuppressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and other therapeutic agents. The nonribosomal peptides are as...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wilkinson B,Micklefield J

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Constitutively activating mutations of the TSHR are the major cause for nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism, which is based on ligand independent, permanent receptor activation. Several reports have highlighted the difficulties to determine whether a TSHR mutation is constitutively active or not especially for borderline ca...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mueller S,Jaeschke H,Paschke R

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial RNAs in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum differ from the templates from which they are transcribed in defined ways. Most transcripts contain nucleotides that are not present in their respective genes. These "extra" nucleotides are added during RNA synthesis by an unknown mechanism. Other differences ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Byrne EM,Visomirski-Robic L,Cheng YW,Rhee AC,Gott JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons are probably the most highly polarized cell type and typically develop a single axon and several dendrites. The establishment of a polarized morphology and the functional specialization of axonal and dendritic compartments are essential steps in the differentiation of neurons. Primary cultures of dissociated h...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Schwamborn JC,Li Y,Püschel AW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plots of free energy versus temperature are commonly called stability curves or Gibbs-Helmholtz curves, and they have proven to be extremely useful in protein folding and ligand-binding studies. Curvature in a Gibbs-Helmholtz or stability plot is indicative of a heat capacity change, and some of their primary uses in ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： LiCata VJ,Liu CC

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNA (miRNA) genes are transcribed into long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that get processed into mature miRNAs of about 22 nt in length by two different ribonuclease (RNase) III enzymes, Drosha and Dicer. Various experimental protocols have been developed and modified for genetic and biochemical analyses for ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lee Y,Kim VN

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In actively growing cells, the rate of translation initiation is relatively rapid. As a result, multiple ribosomes simultaneously engaged in translation become spaced along single mRNA molecules. These structures, termed polysomes, can be separated from ribosomal subunits and single ribosomes because they migrate fast...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Qin D,Fredrick K

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction methods are uniquely able to reveal structures of many important macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. EMDataBank.org, a joint effort of the Protein Databank in Europe (PDBe), the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), and the N...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lawson CL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00