Erythromycin potentiates PR interval prolonging effect of verapamil in the rat: a pharmacodynamic drug interaction.

abstract：:The use of toxicokinetic (TK) data is becoming more prevalent in the evaluation of food ingredient safety as more TK information is being incorporated in safety data packages. Data demonstrating "1) the extent of absorption, 2) tissue distribution, 3) pathways and rates of metabolism, and 4) rate(s) of elimination" of...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kabadi SV,Zang Y,Fisher JW,Smith N,Whiteside C,Aungst J

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, the FDA approved the medical use of oral pyridostigmine as prophylactic treatment of possible nerve agent exposure: the concept is to block the cholinesterase transitorily using the carbamate (pyridostigmine) in order to deny access to the active site of the enzyme to the irreversible inhibitor (nerve agent)...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Petroianu GA,Hasan MY,Nurulain SM,Arafat K,Sheen R,Nagelkerke N

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecule-targeted therapies like those against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are becoming widely used in the oncology clinic. With improvements in treatment efficacy, many cancers are being treated as chronic diseases, with patients having prolonged exposure to several therapies that were previously only...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Barrick CJ,Yu M,Chao HH,Threadgill DW

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some chemicals are known to induce limb malformations in mice. The occurrence of limb abnormality induced by chemical reagents is due to changes in the programmed cell death (PCD). 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is known as a potent teratogen and has been reported to induce polydactyly and other limb malformations in rode...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nakamura N,Fujioka M,Mori C

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steatosis is the characteristic type of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and may result in life-threatening hepatic lesion. Approximately 61% of patients treated with VPA have been diagnosed with hepatic steatosis through ultrasound examination. However, the mechanisms underlying VPA-induced intracellular fat accumulation a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bai X,Hong W,Cai P,Chen Y,Xu C,Cao D,Yu W,Zhao Z,Huang M,Jin J

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver of C57BL/6J mice is a model for clinical sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). There is massive uroporphyria, inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) activity, and hepatocellular damage. A variety of evidence implicates the CYP1A2 enzy...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Smith AG,Clothier B,Carthew P,Childs NL,Sinclair PR,Nebert DW,Dalton TP

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Berberine has been demonstrated to alleviate renal interstitial, liver and myocardial fibrosis when administered orally despite its extremely low bioavailability. Here, we inspected effect of berberine on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and explored underlying mechanisms on the basis of intestinal endocrine. The results showe...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Guan C,Qiao S,Lv Q,Cao N,Wang K,Dai Y,Wei Z

更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work from this laboratory (J. S. Lazo, J. D. Catravas, and C. N. Gillis, Biochem. Pharmacol. 30, 2577-2584, 1981; J. D. Catraveras, J. S. Lazo, and C. N. Gillis, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 217, 524-529, 1981) demonstrated that subacute bleomycin (BLM) administration (5 mg/kg) to rabbits three times weekly for 4...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lazo JS,Catravas JD,Dobuler KJ,Gillis CN

更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanisms of erythromycin cholestasis, the effects of erythromycin estolate (EE) on the excretory function of the isolated perfused rat liver and on liver plasma membrane (LM) preparations were studied and compared to those of erythromycin base (EB) and lauryl sulfate (LS), added alone or in combin...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gaeta GB,Utili R,Adinolfi LE,Abernathy CO,Giusti G

更新日期：1985-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a compartmental pharmacokinetic model for methyl mercury and its metabolite mercuric mercury in humans. A tracer dose of 203Hg-labeled methyl mercury was administered iv to seven healthy young adult male volunteers. Blood samples were obtained periodically and urine and feces were collected throughout the ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Smith JC,Allen PV,Turner MD,Most B,Fisher HL,Hall LL

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been known for many years that administration of androgens or estrogens at critical periods of development in mammals causes severe long-term effects on the endocrine/genital systems. The environmental pollutant p-tert-octylphenol (OP) possesses a weak but clear estrogen agonist activity in in vitro and in vivo...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Katsuda S,Yoshida M,Watanabe G,Taya K,Maekawa A

更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Diclofenac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been associated with rare but severe cases of clinical hepatotoxicity. Diclofenac causes concentration-dependent cell death in human hepatocytes (after 24-48 h) by mitochondrial permeabilization via poorly defined mechanisms. To explore whether the cyc...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Siu WP,Pun PB,Latchoumycandane C,Boelsterli UA

更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking water is a major environmental health issue. Chronic arsenic exposure is known to exert its toxic effects by a variety of mechanisms, of which generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most important. A high level of ROS, in turn, leads to DNA dama...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Banerjee M,Banerjee N,Ghosh P,Das JK,Basu S,Sarkar AK,States JC,Giri AK

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnology has the potential to make a beneficial impact on several agricultural, forestry, and environmental challenges, such as urbanization, energy constraints, and sustainable use of resources. However, new environmental and human health hazards may emerge from nano-enhanced applications. This raises concerns ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Iavicoli I,Leso V,Beezhold DH,Shvedova AA

更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that, in general, young, postnatal animals are more sensitive than adults to the toxic effects of anticholinesterase (antiChE) pesticides. Paradoxically, often fetal brain cholinesterase (ChE) is less inhibited than maternal brain after gestational exposure to an antiChE, presumably due to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lassiter TL,Padilla S,Mortensen SR,Chanda SM,Moser VC,Barone S Jr

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological evidence indicates that prolonged lifetime exposure to estrogen is associated with elevated breast cancer risk in women. Oxidative stress and estrogen receptor-associated proliferative changes are suggested to play important roles in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. In the present study, we inve...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mense SM,Remotti F,Bhan A,Singh B,El-Tamer M,Hei TK,Bhat HK

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies were conducted to assess the in vitro toxicity of three chloropropanones: monochloropropanone (MCP), 1,1-dichloropropanone (1,1-DCP), and 1,3-dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP). Chloropropanones reacted directly with reduced glutathione (GSH) in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. All chloropropanones were cytotoxic t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Merrick BA,Smallwood CL,Meier JR,McKean DL,Kaylor WH,Condie LW

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane; 75 mg/kg) or corn oil was administered po to male Fischer 344N rats. Tremor was quantified 8 hr later by spectral analysis of whole body movements. The effect of sc injection of pharmacological challenges on the spectral profile of body movements was determined....

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Herr DW,Tilson HA

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to elucidate the oxidative effects and genotoxicity of nickel on human lymphocytes in vitro, we report the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical ((*)OH), and DNA damage in human lymphocytes after acute exposure to inorganic nickel. NiCl(2) appeared to incre...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chen CY,Wang YF,Huang WR,Huang YT

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is commonly used both in vivo and in vitro as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activity in a wide variety of species, the effect of PBO on the hepatic MO of fishes has never been characterized. The MO activity in hepatic microsomes from rainbow trout expos...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Erickson DA,Goodrich MS,Lech JJ

更新日期：1988-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A PB-PK model has been developed for nasal nonreactive vapor uptake in the F344 rat which incorporates nasal enzyme distribution as well as nasal airflow patterns. Nasal tissue is separated into respiratory and olfactory mucosal areas with each area containing mucus, epithelial, and submucosal compartments. Metabolic ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Morris JB,Hassett DN,Blanchard KT

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sibutramine is an inhibitor of norepinephrine and 5-HT reuptake largely used in the management of obesity. Although a fairly safe drug, postmarketing adverse effects of sibutramine were reported including abnormal ejaculation in men. This study investigates the effects of sibutramine on ejaculation and vas deferens an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nojimoto FD,Piffer RC,Kiguti LR,Lameu C,de Camargo AC,Pereira OC,Pupo AS

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was undertaken to determine whether alterations in the gene expression or overt histological signs of neurotoxicity in selected regions of the forebrain might occur from acrylamide exposure via drinking water. Gene expression at the mRNA level was evaluated by cDNA array and/or RT-PCR analysis in the striatum,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bowyer JF,Latendresse JR,Delongchamp RR,Warbritton AR,Thomas M,Divine B,Doerge DR

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have confirmed that maternal tobacco smoking causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and skeletal growth retardation. Among a multitude of chemicals associated with cigarette smoking, nicotine is one of the leading candidates for causing low birth weights. However, the possible mechanism of dela...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Deng Y,Cao H,Cu F,Xu D,Lei Y,Tan Y,Magdalou J,Wang H,Chen L

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The high affinity metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) is thought to detoxify cadmium (Cd) but appears to be deficient in several known targets of Cd carcinogenesis. The rat ventral prostate (VP) was recently identified as one of these target tissues. The nature of the Cd-binding proteins in the prostate has not...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Waalkes MP,Perantoni A

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used in a wide variety of consumer applications as additive flame retardants. In North America, scientists have noted continuing increases in the levels of PBDE congeners measured in human serum. Some recent studies have found that PBDEs are associated with adverse heal...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Emond C,Sanders JM,Wikoff D,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is responsible for approximately one-sixth of all cancer-related mortality worldwide. This malignancy has a multifactorial etiology involving several environmental, dietary and genetic factors. Since esophageal cancer has often metastasized at the time of diagnosis, current tre...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stoner GD,Wang LS,Chen T

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic inhalation of high concentrations of respirable quartz particles has been implicated in various lung diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is considered a major mechanism of quartz toxicity. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa, h...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Li H,van Berlo D,Shi T,Speit G,Knaapen AM,Borm PJ,Albrecht C,Schins RP

更新日期：2008-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiazacridine derivatives (ATZD) are a novel class of cytotoxic agents that combine an acridine and thiazolidine nucleus. In this study, the cytotoxic action of four ATZD were tested in human colon carcinoma HCT-8 cells: (5Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-methylbenzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-4; (5ZE)-5-acridin-9-y...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Barros FW,Bezerra DP,Ferreira PM,Cavalcanti BC,Silva TG,Pitta MG,de Lima Mdo C,Galdino SL,Pitta Ida R,Costa-Lotufo LV,Moraes MO,Burbano RR,Guecheva TN,Henriques JA,Pessoa C

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryo implantation is a crucial step in human reproduction and depends on the timely development of a receptive endometrium. The human endometrium is unique among adult tissues due to its dynamic alterations during each menstrual cycle. It hosts the implantation process which is governed by progesterone, whereas 17β-...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fischer L,Deppert WR,Pfeifer D,Stanzel S,Weimer M,Hanjalic-Beck A,Stein A,Straßer M,Zahradnik HP,Schaefer WR

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00