Abstract:
:The association between lead absorption and objective psychological performance tests in five groups with different levels of lead absorption was studied in the following groups: (1) a control, non-lead-exposed group; (2) cable splicers, (3) cable manufactures, and (4) secondary lead smelter workers. The following performance tests were used: Block Design, Digit Symbol, and Embedded Figures. Age-corrected performance test scores and the average of three test scores (INDEX) were used throughout. A significant association between performance tests scores and increased lead absorption was found. Zinc protoporphyrin level was a more "powerful" (in the statistical sense) indicator of lead-induced CNS effects than blood lead levels. This study provides additional evidence that neurotoxic effects associated with occupational exposure to lead can be demonstrated by means of performance tests. It has been known and widely accepted that increased lead absorption is associated with "non-specific" subjective symptoms: tiredness, sleep disturbance, irritability, etc. Psychometric techniques (including an appropriate statistical analysis strategy) are highly sensitive for the early detection of CNS neurotoxicity, such as metal toxicity. Moreover, even in lead-exposed but asymptomatic individuals, a significant correlation (negative) between test scores and levels of lead absorption could be detected. It is concluded that workers exposed to lead at levels considered "safe" might be at risk of developing brain dysfunction with long term exposure.
journal_name
Am J Ind Medjournal_title
American journal of industrial medicineauthors
Valciukas JA,Lilis R,Singer R,Fischbein A,Anderson HA,Glickman Ldoi
10.1002/ajim.4700010320subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-01-01 00:00:00pages
421-6issue
3-4eissn
0271-3586issn
1097-0274journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In a survey of chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction of a rural population aged 20-65 years, the effects of both farming and, in particular, the exposure to grain dust on the respiratory health of the people was examined. Of the 1,892 subjects (82% of the eligible population) studied, 924 were males and...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700150103
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Farmworkers who delay treatment after workplace injuries may increase injury severity and experience longer recovery times. To understand why farmworkers delay treatment we employed a mixed-methods analysis of 393 farmworker injury narratives from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS). METHODS:Fir...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22380
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fish processing is a common economic activity in Southern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and host determinants of allergic symptoms, allergic sensitization, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma among workers processing saltwater fish. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was c...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20635
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to silica dust is considered to be one of etiological factors of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) -associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS:Subjects exposed to silica dust in Central Bohemia and followed in the Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University, were selected for study...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20327
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is growing evidence that exposure to organic solvents can play a role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between RA and toluene exposure. METHODS:The study cohort consisted of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency data...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.23226
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Basophilic stippling of red blood cells (BSC) has been noted in lead intoxication since 1899 and has been considered a classic laboratory sign of lead poisoning since that time. BSC are inclusions of aggregated ribosomes found only in the red blood cells and may be confused with siderotic (iron) granules. Heinz Bodies...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700050409
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Boatbuilding is a complex, chemically intensive industry which employs approximately 43,000 workers in the United States, 77% of them in shops with fewer than 20 workers. Boatbuilders and repairers are at high risk of occupational injury from falls, lacerations, low back trauma, repetitive motion, noise, burns, fires,...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700080303
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Production of asbestos-cement products in Brazil started in the 1940s, peaked in the 60-70s and is still an active industry. This study was designed to assess the non-malignant effects of asbestos exposure in the asbestos-cement industry in Brazil. METHODS:A group of 828 former asbestos-cement workers enrol...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.1095
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the nature of respiratory functional impairment caused by asbestos-induced visceral pleural fibrosis (VPF) and to discover which pulmonary physiological variable best reveals it, we examined 59 asbestos-exposed construction workers having asbestos-related changes on chest radiographs. Computed tomography ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700280306
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Engineering or administrative methods are often insufficient or impractical to control exposure to chemicals in anatomy laboratories. This study explored the feasibility of wearing one or a combination of respirators and goggles used as personal protective equipment (PPE) to control exposure in one such labo...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.10180
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine the possible actual exposure to benzene in the shoe industry from industrially used solvents, glues, and paints containing benzene as a nondeclared constituent, phenol in urine and benzene in blood, as indices of internal exposure to benzene, were measured in workers (N = 33). Since toluene, in c...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700120507
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The healthy survivor effect is a selection process whereby healthy workers are selectively retained in the work force while unhealthy workers are removed. Understanding this phenomenon is integral to the accurate assessment of exposure effects in occupational cohorts. To date, scarce information has been pub...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199904)35:4<343::aid-ajim4
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have long been case reports linking silica exposure to a variety of autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, chronic renal disease). Evidence of this association in larger epidemiologic studies has been increasing in the last decade. We summarize this evidence here, and present some ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700280505
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an epidemiologic study of 6,359 oil shale workers, 1,664 (46.7%) of 3,566 survivors were investigated. No excess of skin disease (as reported in response to a questionnaire) was found in men exposed to oil or dust, whether compared to men who were not exposed to oil or dust or to coalminers. A low prevalence of sim...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700090503
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-term earnings losses borne by injured workers, beyond those covered by workers' compensation insurance, are rarely estimated. The post-claim earnings of a cohort of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) claimants are tracked over a period of 6 years and compared to the earnings of claimants with either upper...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20430
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathologists eligible for inclusion in the study were identified from the membership lists of the Royal College of Pathologists from 1974 to 1987, establishing a population of 4,512 members. Overall mortality was lower among the study group compared with the general population of England and Wales, although there were...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700200108
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to mineral dust was studied among construction workers (N = 437) with the aid of a questionnaire and a chest X-ray examination of the lungs. The results of the questionnaire showed that 81% of the construction workers had been exposed to asbestos. Exposure had occurred in all of the occupational groups studie...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700210411
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An investigation of a small private agate mill was prompted by an agate worker who presented with silicosis in Guangzhou, China, in December 1998. METHODS:The work processes and records of dust measurements of the mill were examined. The mean total dust concentrations ranged from 3.0 to 9.9 mg/m3; 86-88% of...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.1074
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children living or working on New York farms face unique hazards and experience on-farm injuries related to these. The New York Community Partners for Healthy Farming (CPHF) surveillance provided a unique source of information for analyses of risk factors-particularly age-for these events. METHODS:Agricultu...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.10062
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological and experimental work confirms that inorganic lead compounds are associated with increased risks of tumorigenesis. In animals, these risks can be induced at doses that are not associated with organ toxicity and in mice that do not produce alpha-2 urinary globulin in the kidney. Thus the mechanis...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<316::aid-ajim11>3.0.
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asbestos fibers are known to accumulate in lung parenchyma and thoracic lymph nodes, but their presence and translocation into the extrapulmonary tissues need clarification. We assessed the presence of asbestos in the para-aortic (PA) and mesenteric (ME) lymph nodes. METHODS:PA and ME lymph nodes and lung t...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20694
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incinerator workers are exposed to many toxic compounds, most notably heavy metals. We evaluated medical and exposure monitoring data of an actively employed cohort of Philadelphia incinerator workers following an Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry site survey and National Institute for Occupational Safe...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700220309
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the one-year prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors in a large sample of Chinese workers in various industrial settings. METHODS:A total of 5,338 (3,632 males and 1,706 females) workers from 13 companies participated in this study. Musculoskeletal symptoms in differ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.21037
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative evaluation of worker exposure to silica in nine Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes was conducted, using data derived from OSHA compliance inspections, in order to assess the silica exposure problem in the U.S. The nine SICs studied were those in which OSHA inspections were concentrated. They i...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700100403
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the reanalysis of a cross-sectional study of asthma in a large cohort of autoworkers with exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF). There is strong evidence from case reports, clinical studies, and medical surveillance data that exposure to MWF can cause asthma, yet no association was found in the o...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199706)31:6<671::aid-ajim1
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prerequisites necessary for attributing lung carcinoma to asbestos, represent a controversial issue. METHODS:Three parameters (occupational history, pleural plaques, and lung asbestos bodies) were investigated in 414 consecutive cases of lung carcinoma, examined at necropsy at the Hospital of Monfalcone...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199909)36:3<360::aid-ajim3
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper extremities are a major problem globally, though most relevant studies have been reported from high income countries. AIMS AND METHODS:The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain and its association with work-related physical and psychosocial factors a...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20562
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury is the leading cause of death in adolescence, with the highest rates for 15- to 19-year-olds, an age span also marked, for many, by entry into the workforce. Occupational injuries affecting youth occur in the context of the larger problem of injury affecting children and adolescents. An understanding of the bro...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700240307
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to evaluate cancer incidence in the membership a largely Hispanic farmworker labor union in California, the United Farmworkers of America (UFW) and to examine cancer-site specific distributions as well as histology and stage of cancer at diagnosis in this group. METHODS:An elec...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.1125
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polyvinyl chloride plastics (PVC), made flexible through the addition of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), are used in the production of a wide array of medical devices. From the late 1960s, leaching of DEHP from PVC medical devices and ultimate tissue deposition have been documented. METHODS:A critical rev...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200101)39:1<100::aid-ajim10>3.0.
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00