Phage display-derived human antibodies against specific glycosaminoglycan epitopes.

abstract：:The innate immune system provides host defense against a variety of threats, including microbial infection and cellular damage. Pattern recognition receptors identify both pathogen and damage associated molecular motifs associated with these events. Nucleic acid is one such danger signal that is detected by a set of c...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Antiochos B

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In polarized epithelial cells, the tight junction has been ascribed several functions including the regulation of the paracellular permeability, an impediment to the diffusion of molecules between the apical and basolateral domains, a site of delivery of transport vesicles for basolateral proteins, and a scaffold for ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Luton F

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables direct visualization of single-protein molecules in liquids at submolecular resolution. High-speed AFM further makes it possible to visualize dynamic biomolecular processes at subsecond resolution. However, dynamic imaging of biomolecular processes imposes various requirements on ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yamamoto D,Uchihashi T,Kodera N,Yamashita H,Nishikori S,Ogura T,Shibata M,Ando T

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid aggregates are associated with a number of mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. Infectious aggregates of the mammalian prion protein PrP(sc) are hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans and cattle (Griffith, 1967; Legname et al., 2004; Prusiner, 1982; Silveira et al., 2004). Likewise, ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bagriantsev SN,Kushnirov VV,Liebman SW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) demethylase is a tetrahydrofolate-dependent enzyme that initiates the DMSP demethylation pathway in marine bacteria. This enzyme is important for understanding of organic sulfur flux from the oceans because it directs the sulfur from DMSP away from dimethylsulfide. This enzyme has bee...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Reisch CR

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein matrix cavities and extended tunnels can effectively channel substrates and products to and from active sites in enzymes. Substrate and product channeling can enhance catalytic efficiency by reducing the intramolecular diffusion times to and from reaction centers. Moreover, protected transfer between sites may...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Pesce A,Milani M,Nardini M,Bolognesi M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are large modular cell-surface receptors that regulate almost every aspect of cellular function through bidirectional signals transmitted across the lipid bilayer. Regulation of integrin activity is accomplished by complex and still incompletely understood biochemical pathways that modify integrin ligand bin...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Xiong JP,Goodman SL,Arnaout MA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins transport many cellular factors to their functionally relevant locations within cells, and defects in transport are linked to human disease. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of this transport process in living cells is difficult because of the complex in vivo environment...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Barak P,Rai A,Dubey AK,Rai P,Mallik R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perhaps the most important contribution of FLN is that it provides an experimental approach to relate physical changes in the protein to predicted dynamical behavior. It is clear that the sample is inhomogeneously broadened in a continuous manner, consistent with the damped motion of proteins. At the same time configu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Vanderkooi JM,Angiolillo PJ,Laberge M

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeastlike fungus that causes a lethal meningoencephalitis in a broad spectrum of immunocompromised patients and has become the most common cause of meningitis due to AIDS-related infections in Africa. Key to the development of new agents to control and prevent this infection is the identif...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hu G,Gibbons J,Williamson PR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-free (CF) protein expression has emerged as one of the most efficient production platforms for membrane proteins. Central bottlenecks prevalent in conventional cell-based expression systems such as mistargeting, inclusion body formation, degradation as well as product toxicity can be addressed by taking advantage...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Henrich E,Dötsch V,Bernhard F

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The characterization of microbial adhesins is greatly facilitated by the use of synthetic peptides. Synthetic peptides can be used to identify specific antigenic epitopes, to delineate receptor-binding domain of adhesins, and to facilitate the characterization of the adhesin, and they allow for a direct examination of...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lee KK,Wong WY,Sheth HB,Hodges RS,Paranchych W,Irvin RT

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mapping and characterization of the vasculature using proteomics offers the opportunity to better understand the steps and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular development, and angiogenesis in particular. Proteomics has many key advantages over genomics, especially in directly determining protein expression. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Griffin NM,Schnitzer JE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to efficiently modulate autophagy activity is paramount in the study of the field. Conventional broad-range autophagy inhibitors and genetic manipulation using RNA interference (RNAi), although widely used in autophagy research, are often limited in specificity or efficacy. In this chapter, we address the ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： O'Prey J,Sakamaki J,Baudot AD,New M,Van Acker T,Tooze SA,Long JS,Ryan KM

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequence analysis of synthetic peptides using Edman chemistry can be very useful for the elucidation of certain types of synthetic problems, such as residue deletions and the presence of common stable derivatives, and for following the progress of the synthesis itself. However, it can also be a relatively poor techniq...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Grant GA,Crankshaw MW,Gorka J

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately one-third of all newly translated polypeptides interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an event that is essential to target these nascent proteins to distinct compartments within the cell or to the extracellular milieu. Thus, the ER houses molecular chaperones that augment the folding of this diver...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brodsky JL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the early days of cell volume regulation research, the role of actin cytoskeleton organization and rearrangement has attracted specific interest. Rapid modifications in actin dynamics and architecture have been described. They were shown to regulate cell volume changes, as well as regulatory volume decrease in a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Papakonstanti EA,Stournaras C

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain cellular homeostasis, the levels of transmembrane receptors found on the plasma membrane must be tightly regulated. Endocytosis of activated receptors and the eventual degradation of these transmembrane proteins in the lysosome serve a vital role in maintaining the plasma membrane receptor levels as well a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Davies BA,Carney DS,Horazdovsky BF

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystallographic studies on flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) have revealed that the common sequence core ( approximately 400 residues) that defines this protein family comprises two structural domains. The N-terminal domain (of approximately 250 residues) displays a metallo-beta-lactamase-like-fold, being indeed structural...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Vicente JB,Carrondo MA,Teixeira M,Frazão C

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of catalysis by MnSOD using direct observation of the UV absorbance of superoxide allows determination of steady-state catalytic constants. Stabilizing superoxide in aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide permits the use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry, although significant information is lost in th...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Silverman DN,Nick HS

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-content screening (HCS), a combination of fluorescence microscopic imaging and automated image analysis, has become a frequently applied tool to study test compound effects in cellular disease-modeling systems. This chapter describes the measurement of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization in the HCS ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Haasen D,Schnapp A,Valler MJ,Heilker R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bromodomain (BrD) represents an evolutionarily conserved protein domain whose function mostly is to recognize acetylated lysine residues in histones and nuclear proteins in regulation of gene transcription in chromatin. The highly conserved BrD structure features an unusual left-handed, antiparallel four-helix bun...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ren C,Zeng L,Zhou MM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout the history of single-particle electron microscopy (EM), automated technologies have seen varying degrees of emphasis and development, usually depending upon the contemporary demands of the field. We are currently faced with increasingly sophisticated devices for specimen preparation, vast increases in the ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lyumkis D,Moeller A,Cheng A,Herold A,Hou E,Irving C,Jacovetty EL,Lau PW,Mulder AM,Pulokas J,Quispe JD,Voss NR,Potter CS,Carragher B

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter deals with the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) as supports for the development of nanobiocatalytic systems through the immobilization of enzymes. The surface characteristics, properties and production of carbon nanotubes are described, while an analysis in their biological applications is a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Patila M,Chalmpes N,Dounousi E,Stamatis H,Gournis D

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines are essential mediators of leukocyte movement in vivo. In vitro assays of leukocyte migration cannot mimic the complex interactions with other cell types and matrix needed for cells to extravasate and migrate into tissues. Therefore, in vivo strategies to study the effects and potential relevance of chemoki...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Amaral FA,Boff D,Teixeira MM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavoenzymes comprise a large class of proteins that carry out a diverse range of important redox chemistry. Although X-ray crystal structures of many flavoenzymes have been determined, there are still unresolved questions regarding the actual oxidation state of the flavin cofactors in these structures due to photored...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kerber T,Vrielink A

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Undiluted cytoplasmic extract prepared from unfertilized Xenopus laevis eggs by low-speed centrifugation (CSF extracts) is useful for reconstitution of egg microtubule dynamics and meiosis-II spindle organization, but it suffers limitations for biochemical analysis due to abundant particulates. Here, we describe prepa...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Groen AC,Ngyuen PA,Field CM,Ishihara K,Mitchison TJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ion channels open and close in response to diverse stimuli, and the molecular events underlying these processes are extensively modulated by ligands of both endogenous and exogenous origin. In the past decade, high-resolution structures of several channel types have been solved, providing unprecedented details of the ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chakrapani S

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter presents methodologies for RNA extraction from soils coupled with competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis techniques. Combined, these approaches provide new capabilities to quantify gene expression in different environments and can aid our understanding of...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Semrau JD,Han JI

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary mixed liver cells were isolated from rats that had been fed an amino acid (AA) diet in which natural protein was replaced with a defined mixture of pure AAs. Nitric oxide (NO) production from these cells in vitro was monitored using a nitric oxide (NO)-selective fluorescent probe, diaminofluorescein, followed ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kotake Y,Kishida H,Nakae D,Floyd RA

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00