Bias in methods for deriving standardized morbidity ratio and attributable fraction estimates.

abstract：:With the increasing availability of detailed clinical information, there is optimism that treatment choices can be selectively directed to those individuals most likely to benefit. While standard clinical trials can establish whether a treatment appears to be effective on average, subsequent work is needed to determin...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Sitlani CM,Heagerty PJ

更新日期：2014-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A considerable number of the clinical reports which are presented to the Dutch Board for the Evaluation of Drugs, have deficiencies and/or shortcomings. A number of these, including loose description of the target population and sampling method, methodological flaws, incorrect treatment of withdrawals, confounding of ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： De Jonge H

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cross-sectional designs are often used to monitor the proportion of infections and other post-surgical complications acquired in hospitals. However, conventional methods for estimating incidence proportions when applied to cross-sectional data may provide estimators that are highly biased, as cross-sectional designs t...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Fluss R,Mandel M,Freedman LS,Weiss IS,Zohar AE,Haklai Z,Gordon ES,Simchen E

更新日期：2013-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:An observed confidence distribution is proposed as a measure of strength of evidence for practically equivalent efficacies of two treatments. The concept is independent of prior opinions about relevant sizes of a difference in efficacy. It also avoids retrospective power calculations for trials with missed recruitment...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mau J

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results from an analysis of traffic accidents from a study of the police records of four police stations in the Bangkok metropolis are presented. The main emphasis in this study was put on the development of a measure for traffic accident density. The traffic flow was estimated at the various study locations by traine...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ayuthya RS,Böhning D

更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a dominant genetic mode of inheritance caused by an expansion of CAG repeats on chromosome 4. Typically, a longer sequence of CAG repeat length is associated with increased risk of experiencing earlier onset of HD. Previous studies of the association betwe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ma Y,Wang Y

更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of evaluating an averaged functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response for repeated block design experiments was considered within a semiparametric regression model with autocorrelated residuals. We applied functional data analysis (FDA) techniques that use a least-squares fitting of B-spline expa...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Vakorin VA,Borowsky R,Sarty GE

更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A mixture model incorporating long-term survivors has been adopted in the field of biostatistics where some individuals may never experience the failure event under study. The surviving fractions may be considered as cured. In most applications, the survival times are assumed to be independent. However, when the survi...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yau KK,Ng AS

更新日期：2001-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Substantial advances in Bayesian methods for causal inference have been made in recent years. We provide an introduction to Bayesian inference for causal effects for practicing statisticians who have some familiarity with Bayesian models and would like an overview of what it can add to causal estimation in practical s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Oganisian A,Roy JA

更新日期：2021-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multilevel mixed effects survival models are used in the analysis of clustered survival data, such as repeated events, multicenter clinical trials, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses, to investigate heterogeneity in baseline risk and covariate effects. In this paper, we extend parametric frailty model...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Crowther MJ,Look MP,Riley RD

更新日期：2014-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Combining multiple markers can improve classification accuracy compared with using a single marker. In practice, covariates associated with markers or disease outcome can affect the performance of a biomarker or biomarker combination in the population. The covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cur...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kim S,Huang Y

更新日期：2017-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:For many HIV-infected patients, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in a sustained suppression of plasma viral load to undetectable levels. However, due to lack of antigenic stimulation, this may also result in a gradual loss of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses that help control HIV infection. In concept, ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mogg R,Mehrotra DV

更新日期：2007-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:For each of 211 arteriosclerosis obliterans patients, the degree of stenosis of arteries at four sites were examined at Hiroshima University Hospital to analyse the relationship between the degree of stenosis and age, sex and site. The generalized estimating equations using a proportional odds model for the stenosis p...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nakashima E,Tsuji S,Fukuoka H,Ohtaki M,Ito K

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal prevention and treatment strategies for a disease of multiple causes, such as pneumonia, must be informed by the population distribution of causes among cases, or cause-specific case fractions (CSCFs). CSCFs may further depend on additional explanatory variables. Existing methodological literature in disease e...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wu Z,Chen I

更新日期：2021-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Obtaining accurate estimates of the performance of a diagnostic test for some population of patients might be difficult when the sample of subjects used for this purpose is not representative for the whole population. Thus, in the motivating example of this paper a test is evaluated by comparing its results with those...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Buzoianu M,Kadane JB

更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A new exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart well suited for 'online' routine surveillance of medical procedures is introduced. The chart is based on inter-event counts for failures recorded when the failures occur. The method can be used for many types of hospital procedures and activities, such a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Spliid H

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although statistical methodology is well-developed for comparing diagnostic tests in terms of their sensitivity and specificity, comparative inference about predictive values is not. In this paper, we consider the analysis of studies comparing operating characteristics of two diagnostic tests that are measured on all ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kwak M,Um SW,Jung SH

更新日期：2015-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:To construct a confidence interval for the mean of a log-normal distribution in small samples, we propose likelihood-based approaches - the signed log-likelihood ratio and modified signed log-likelihood ratio methods. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation results show the advantages of the modified signed log-likelihood ra...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wu J,Wong AC,Jiang G

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Timeliness of a public health surveillance system is one of its most important characteristics. The process of predicting the present situation using available incomplete information from surveillance systems has received the term nowcasting and has high public health interest. Generally in Europe, general practitione...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nunes B,Natário I,Lucília Carvalho M

更新日期：2013-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Graphical methods are often used to check goodness-of-fit of models to data. It is common to plot residuals against a reference distribution so that when the model fits the data, the configuration should be close to a straight line. Since the resemblance to a straight line is often unclear, it has been suggested to ad...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cohen A,Barnett O

更新日期：1995-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper models monthly AIDS diagnosis counts in terms of smooth secular trend, calendar month effects, and the number of workdays per month. A parameterization of month effects allows separation of true seasonal effects from a linear trend over the calendar year and an arbitrary June effect. There is strong evidenc...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Bacchetti P

更新日期：1994-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cost data that arise in the evaluation of health care technologies usually exhibit highly skew, heavy-tailed and, possibly, multi-modal distributions. Distribution-free methods for analysing these data, such as the bootstrap, or those based on the asymptotic normality of sample means, may often lead to inefficient or ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Conigliani C,Tancredi A

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes statistical procedures for use in an experiment that compares two handwashing protocols. The evaluation of a handwashing protocol entails collection of the wash effluent. Colony counts for the effluent reflect the number of flora removed by the wash protocol. The analysis aims to formulate and est...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Le CT

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials with multiple endpoints incur increased familywise type I errors. The Bonferroni correction is a common method used to modify the p-values to account for multiple significance testing. For independent endpoints the Bonferroni method is slightly conservative whereas with high correlation the conservatis...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： James S

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A problem occurring in chronic disease modeling is the estimation of transition probabilities of moving from one state of a categorical risk factor to another. Transitions could be obtained from a cohort study, but often such data may not be available. However, under the assumption that transitions remain stable over ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kassteele Jv,Hoogenveen RT,Engelfriet PM,Baal PH,Boshuizen HC

更新日期：2012-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioequivalence assessment is an issue of great interest. Development of statistical methods for assessing bioequivalence is an important area of research for statisticians. Bioequivalence is usually determined based on the normal distribution. We relax this assumption and develop a semi-parametric mixed model for bioe...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ghosh P,Rosner GL

更新日期：2007-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This article deals with determination of a sample size that guarantees the success of a trial. We follow a Bayesian approach and we say an experiment is successful if it yields a large posterior probability that an unknown parameter of interest (an unknown treatment effect or an effects-difference) is greater than a c...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Brutti P,De Santis F,Gubbiotti S

更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we develop flexible regression models in two respects to evaluate the influence of the covariate variables on the mixed Poisson and continuous responses and to evaluate how the correlation between Poisson response and continuous response changes over time. A scenario for dealing with regression models ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Yang Y,Kang J,Mao K,Zhang J

更新日期：2007-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose to use a very simple model to test whether a cancer cluster is due to chance alone. We focus on the acute childhood leukaemia cluster in Columbus, Ohio. In 1975, 12 leukaemia cases were observed in Columbus while the expected number is 6 cases per year. According to our simple model, the probability of such...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Schinazi RB

更新日期：2000-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The estimation of attributable risk in the presence of confounding and effect modification is studied in this paper. Different adjustment methods for the attributable risk are reviewed. The results of a stimulation study comparing these methods under the unrestricted multinomial sampling model are reported. From the s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Gefeller O

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00