Abstract：
:Some calcium antagonists, including nitrendipine, were noted to cause a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of insulin release in certain animal models. Therefore, it is important to know the effects of clinical treatment with calcium antagonists in nondiabetic or diabetic man. A review of the literature allows the following conclusions: Acute and short-term therapy with calcium antagonists in nondiabetic and diabetic individuals did not change glucose homeostasis assessed with or without a glucose load. Nevertheless, higher doses of calcium antagonists were occasionally noted to slightly impair glucose homeostasis in nondiabetics, whereas, in some studies of diabetics, a slight amelioration or deterioration of glucose tolerance was variably reported. In long-term studies, the longest extending over 5 years, no change in basal or in glucose-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism was apparent in nondiabetic or diabetic subjects. These results are corroborated by our placebo-controlled observations during antihypertensive monotherapy with nitrendipine in Type II diabetics. Thus, glucose and insulin profiles and areas under the curve, before and following standard breakfast, were not altered following nitrendipine treatment periods of 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Concomitant blood levels of HbA1 on nitrendipine also were not different from those on placebo. The available information indicates that calcium antagonists probably do not affect glucose homeostasis to a clinically relevant degree, although some minor influences especially of higher dosages cannot be excluded.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacologyauthors
Trost BN,Weidmann Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
S986-95eissn
0160-2446issn
1533-4023journal_volume
6 Suppl 7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cicletanine, a furopyridine-derivative drug, was shown to enhance the production of endogenous prostacyclin. The potent vasodilating properties of prostacyclin are used to treat severe primary pulmonary hypertension. Prostacyclin has a short half-life and can be administered only as an i.v. infusion. The aim of this s...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-199803000-00006
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma homocysteine levels increase in humans treated with fibrates but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the present study was to determine the mechanism of this increase using animal models. Firstly, an increase in homocysteine was observed in mice treated with fenofibrate irrespective of the genetic...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200403000-00017
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension and the influence of clonidine, 28 male subjects with mild to moderate hypertension were either treated with low-dose clonidine (n = 14, mean age: 42.4 +/- 2.1 years) or were randomized to a nontreated control group (n = 14, mean age: 40....
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forskolin exerts concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects in guinea pig isolated papillary muscles; resting potential, overshoot, and upstroke velocity remain unchanged. It markedly potentiates Ca2+-mediated action potentials elicited in partially depolarized myocardial fibers (increases in upstroke velocity...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were carried out on isolated canine right atria to investigate the effects of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate (nicorandil, SG-75) and its interaction with beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on the cyclic nucleotide levels accompanying inotropic changes. The results were compared with those during muscari...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198309000-00027
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in the function and structure of the blood vessel wall account for most clinical events in the coronary and cerebrovascular circulation such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Cardiovascular drugs may exert beneficial effects on the vascular wall both at the level of the endothelium and vascular smooth m...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-200112003-00002
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphodiesterase inhibitor UK 61260 exhibits positive inotropic activity in animal studies and is under clinical investigation for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). We examined the lusitropic and inotropic responses to UK 61260 in electrically driven (1 Hz, 37 degrees C) human auricular trabeculae (AUT...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199206000-00019
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intrathecal administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY COOH-terminal fragments as well as an NPY Y1 receptor ligand on arterial blood pressure (ABP) of anesthetized rat was studied. NPY and all NPY COOH-terminal fragments tested (NPY11-36, NPY14-36 and NPY18-36), believed to act through Y2 receptors pro...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199305000-00005
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the endothelin (ET) receptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses to ET-1 in rat pulmonary arteries and arterioles and the effect of endothelium removal, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition, and hypoxia on ET-1-induced responses in the arteries. In isolated rat pulmonary artery rings (2-3 mm ID...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199405000-00022
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have suggested that central nervous mechanisms are involved in the enhanced sympathetic drive observed in heart failure (HF). Nitric oxide (NO) in the brainstem has been shown to reduce sympathetic nerve activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of neuronal nitric oxide syn...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200312001-00023
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the contribution of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] to captopril-induced cardiovascular protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) chronically treated with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (SHR-l). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (80 mg/L) administration for 3 ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e31821324b6
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sensitivity of smooth muscle from aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), renal hypertensive rats: two kidney-one clip and one kidney-one clip (2K-1C, 1K-1C) and DOCA salt hypertensive rats to the relaxant effect of nifedipine (NIF) was studied. A parallel leftward shift of the concentration-relaxation cu...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198609000-00005
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The beta-blocking activity of flestolol was established during increasing isoprenaline infusions and during graded physical exercise in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. After a control cycle, flestolol was infused at three doses (1, 2.67, and 10 micrograms/kg/min). Flestolol has an extremely short half-life, ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199002000-00001
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed three radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of varying specificities toward the endothelin (ET) isoforms. The assays are called the endothelin-1,2[125I] assay system (RPA535), the endothelin 1-21 Specific [125I] assay system (RPA555), and the endothelin-1,2 high-sensitivity [125I] assay system (RPA545). We have f...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199100177-00121
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelin-1 (ET-1) influences vascular function by modulating intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in smooth muscle. This study investigated the effects of ET-1 on [Ca2+]i and contractile responses in resistance vessels of young prehypertensive (5 week) and adult hypertensive (17 week) spontaneously hypert...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the effects of chronic in vivo inhibition of NO synthase on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, cell-membrane potential (in individual vascular smooth-muscle cells) and changes in tension (in isolated rings) were recorded from isolated canine coronary arteries and guinea-pig carotid arteries and aortas. ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199812000-00011
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence has shown that the kidneys produce and secrete a member of the atrial natriuretic peptide family, named urodilatin. This 32-amino acid peptide does not circulate in blood, but is secreted into urine. Urodilatin excretion closely parallels renal sodium excretion under various conditions that influence b...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-199322002-00028
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed whether local inhibition of myocardial converting enzyme by captopril and zofenopril reduces the functional and metabolic damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion. First we investigated the effects of zofenopril and captopril on the mechanical function, cellular redox state, and norepinephrine (NE) conten...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats suffer spontaneous strokes partly as a result of abnormal cerebrovascular development. This model exhibits prehypertensive, typical hypertensive and malignant hypertensive stages. We had observed that vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, kinase domain regio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.fjc.0000166264.27476.60
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the interaction between nitroxy groups and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to assess the role of sulfhydryl groups and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels in vasodilation of human coronary resistance vessels in vitro. Coronary resistance vessels were resected from t...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200010000-00001
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of hypertension is clearly beneficial. Blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive drugs reduces mortality and the incidence of complications such as stroke, renal failure, and congestive failure. However, analysis of long-term studies using different antihypertensive drugs indicates that the outcome ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of felodipine [4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-dimethyl 3,5-dicarboxylic 3-ethylester and 5-methylester] on the coronary vascular bed of pig hearts with an ischemic region in the left ventricle following ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. At an infusion rate...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198303000-00006
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) of the whole body, including cardiac sympathetic nerves, is activated in patients with severe congestive systolic heart failure (CHF). Carvedilol can improve clinical status in such patients. This study aimed to determine how carvedilol acts on the SNS to improve CHF. ME...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e31823a94a2
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are synthesized from membrane phospholipids in the heart and other cardiovascular tissues. They activate cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and perhaps a novel vascular...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e318192671d
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruption of atherosclerotic plaques with associated thrombus is responsible for the majority of the acute coronary syndromes. Plaque instability is related closely to the degree of inflammation. Inflammatory cells within the plaque produce cytokines that inhibit collagen production by vascular smooth muscle cells an...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the effects of angiotensin II (AII), enalapril, and losartan given by acute intravenous (i.v.) injection, on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in two groups of conscious normotensive rabbits bred for high gain [> 5 beats/min/mm Hg] (group I) and low gain [< 4 beats/min/mm Hg] (group II) of the mean arterial b...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199503000-00024
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effect of an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of diltiazem (15 micrograms/kg/min) given for 1 week on several cardiovascular parameters, renal blood flow, and electrolyte and urinary excretion in chronically instrumented DOCA-salt hypertensive dogs. On the first recording session, 24 h after diltiazem infusi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198806000-00015
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial dysfunction is the pathophysiologic principle involved in the initiation and progression of arteriosclerosis, thus endothelial function serves as a "barometer" for cardiovascular health that can be used for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an introduction to the concept of...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-200606001-00007
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we compared the effects of nitrendipine (20-40 mg daily) and enalapril (20-40 mg daily) in 44 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 4-week placebo period, the patients entered a double-blind, crossover study of 16 weeks, divided by a second 4-week placebo period. Sitting and sta...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril, or RO 31-2848, was evaluated in 14 healthy male volunteers. In a pilot study in two subjects, the inhibiting capacity of single oral doses of 5 and 10 mg on the pressure and heart rate response to exogenous angiotensin I was assessed. Both doses reduced the blood pressur...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
