Abstract：
:Costa Rican natural ecosystems are among the most diverse in the world. For this reason, we isolated strains of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to determine their diversity, distribution and abundance. A total of 146 Bt strains were obtained from environmental samples collected from diverse natural ecosystems and life zones of Costa Rica. We recovered Bt strains from 71%, 63%, 61% and 54% of soil samples, fresh leaves, other substrates and leaf litter respectively. Bt was isolated in 65% of the samples collected in the humid tropical forest in national parks (Braulio Carrillo, Gandoca Manzanillo, Sierpe, Hitoy Cerere, and Cahuita), and in 59% of the samples collected in the dry tropical forest (Parque Nacional Marino las Baulas, Palo Verde and Santa Rosa). In the very humid tropical forest (Tortuguero) Bt was isolated in 75% of the samples and in the very humid tropical forest transition perhumid (Carara) it was found in 69% of the samples. The strains exhibit a diverse number, size and morphology of parasporal inclusion bodies: irregular (47%), oval (20%), bipyramidal (3%), bipyramidal and cubic (1%), bipyramidal, oval and irregular (5%) and bipyramidal, oval and cubic crystals (2%). Strains isolated from Braulio Carrillo, Tortuguero and Cahuita, presented predominantly irregular crystals. On the other hand, more than 60% of the isolates from Térraba-Sierpe and Hitoy-Cerere had medium oval crystals. Strains from Gandoca-Manzanillo, Palo Verde and Carara presented mainly combinations of oval and irregular crystals. Nevertheless, the greatest diversity in crystal morphology was observed in those from Santa Rosa, Llanos del Rio Medio Queso and Parque Marino las Baulas. Protein analyses of the crystal-spore preparations showed delta-endotoxin with diverse electrophoretic patterns, with molecular weights in the range of 20 to 160 kDa. Fifty six percent of the strains amplified with the cry2 primer, 54% with vip3, 20% with cry1, 9% with cry3-cry7 and 8% with cry8. The cry11 and cyt genes were found in 8% and 7% of the strains, respectively. When analyzed with specific primers for the cryl subfamily, 13 different genetic profiles were obtained. In addition, twenty-four strains did not amplify with any of the primers used, suggesting they contain novel cry genes. The diversity of Bt genes found in this collection indicates it could have great potential for the control of different species of insect pests. The toxicological characterization of the strains by bioassays against important insect pests will provide useful information about their potential use for the formulation of biological insecticides and their respective cry and vip genes for the transformation of crops to confer resistance to insects.
journal_name
Rev Biol Tropjournal_title
Revista de biologia tropicalauthors
Arrieta G,Espinoza AMdoi
10.15517/rbt.v54i1.13981subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
13-27issue
1eissn
0034-7744issn
2215-2075journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Coral reefs are impacted by a range of environmental variables that affect their growth and survival, the main factors being the high irradiance and temperature fluctuations. Specimens of Pocillopora capitata Verrill 1864 were exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) for 32 ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5197
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sponges have an important ecological role in coral reef ecosystems. However, when compared to other benthic Phyla, it has been little researched. This research was focused in the variability of the community structure of sponges in three locations at Morrocoy National Park (Cayo Sombrero, Playa Mero and Punta Brava) e...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cattleya trianae is an endemic species from the tropical rainforest in the Colombian Andes. Its survival is currently threatened due to habitat loss and commercial overexploitation. This study evaluates ten substrates, some organic (pine bark, coconut fiber and wood shavings), some inert icopor (polystyrene foam), veg...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v55i2.6045
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different features of the satellite associations between the acrocentric chromosomes of 100 postpartum mothers, between 14 and 43 years of age, and 100 neonates (51 males and 49 females) from Puriscal, Costa Rica, were compared (400 cells were examined, 2 from each individual). Several types of satellite associations ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Snout Otter Clam, Lutraria philippinarum is a regularly harvested bivalve species for food and also as a source of income in the Philippines. For sustainable supply of this resource in the wild, efficient and effective management strategies are needed, and the evaluation of its reproductive biology and fishery are...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2182
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two types of inclusion bodies were consistently observed under light microscopy in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf tissue infected with Bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV), a species of the genus Comovirus, family Comoviridae. One type consisted of vacuolated inclusions found mainly in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells. The...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Megalopta Smith, 1853, is a Neotropical genus of nocturnal or crepuscular bees. Two subgenera are recognized with most of its nearly 30 species placed in the nominate subgenus. Species of Megalopta s. str. are more commonly collected than species of Noctoraptor Engel et al. 1997, all presumably parasites of Megalopta ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5207
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is located 650m above sea level along the boundary between the North Caribbean and Pacific slopes, near the Southern end of the volcanic Guanacaste mountain range. In the early 1980s the lake's main outlet was dammed and the outflow was diverted into Arenal Reservoir. Lake Cote was first studied in 1990-1991, and l...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Puerulus settlement of the western Atlantic spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, was monitored using modified Witham collectors from December 1996 to March 1998 at seven sites around St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. A total of 605 pueruli were collected from 553 samples for a catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all sites of 1...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The octopus (Octopus maya) is one of the most important fish resources in the Mexican Gulf of Mexico with a mean annual yield of 9000 ton, and a reasonable number of jobs created; O. maya represents 80% of the total octopus catch, followed by Octopus vulgaris. There are two artisanal fleets based on Octopus maya and a...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant regeneration from seven-week-old callus cultures derived from mature embryos of several indica rice cultivars was achieved with frequencies of morphogenic calli from 10 to 47%. Three media were tested both for callogenesis and plant regeneration. For 3 of the 7 genotypes examined, the best combination of media f...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four sampling stations were set 200-500 m off Limon Port, Costa Rica, at an average depth of 20 m. From October 1996 to May 1997 horizontal subsuperficial trawls were done for 12 minutes at a speed of about 2 Km/h, with a 1,000 microns plancton net. A total of 28 samples were processed and 104 physical-chemistry param...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sechium edule (chayote) is a cucurbitaceus species. A fast transition from domestic crop to exportation product, made evident the lack of adequate information about the plant and the cultivation techniques. This work summarizes, reinterprets or describes comprehensively several aspects related to the taxonomy, origin,...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sponges constitute one of the most diverse and abundant animal groups in the marine tropical benthos especially in coral reefs, though poorly studied to species level. The aim of this study is to characterize the sponge community along a depth gradient at Isla Larga (Parque Nacional San Esteban, Venezuela) fringe reef...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advancing agricultural frontier has led to an important loss of natural habitats, with significant consequences for biodiversity. The demography for two species of anurans, Physalaemus biligonigerus and Rhinella arenarum, both associated with agricultural systems in the central region of the C6rdoba Province, were...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Punta Lara Natural Reserve shelters the relict of the Southernmost riparian forest in the world, where the flora is threatened by the anthropic expansion and by the introduction of exotic species. In this area the ferns and lycophytes grow in particular environments as marshland, grassland and marginal forest. The aim...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A four year study was conducted on a natural population of immature stages of Aedes aegypti after the re-invasion of Argentina by this vector in 1987. Thirty six plastic containers with 700 ml of dechlorinated water were placed in the La Plata Zoological Garden, La Plata, Argentina. A strip of filter paper around each...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The breeding success of a double-brooding colony of Boat-billed Herons Cochlearius cochlearius was studied in pasturelands of Costa Rica. Mean clutch size in the first clutches (2.9 eggs/nest) was higher than in second and repeat clutches (2.3 eggs/nest). Breeding success was similar in the first attempt and second at...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anti-inflammatory properties of Loasa speciosa and Loasa triphylla (Loasaceae), Urtica leptuphylla and Urera baccifera (Urticaceae), and Chaptalia nutans (Asteracene) were studied using the carregeenan induced rat paw edema model. Aqueous extracts of each plant were made according to the ethnobotanical use. The hi...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In June, 2002, the government of Dominica requested assistance in evaluating the coral culture and transplantation activities being undertaken by Oceanographic Institute of Dominica (OID), a coral farm culturing both western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific corals for restoration and commercial sales. We assessed the culture...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The local effects induced as a consequence of applications of four external secretions from the spider Sphaerobothria hoffmanni were recorded. Macroscopic lesions were not found; the only local effect microscopically observed was a weak necrosis in the skeletal muscle in mice. ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lichens are increasingly used worldwide as air quality biomonitors because they are efficient, easy and cheap, but validation studies of the methodology are scarce. Three foliose lichen biomonitoring methods were compared by field tests (in the tropical urban habitat of San José, Costa Rica) and laboratory simulations...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical evidence has long pointed to the existence of Clostridium tetani in Costa Rica. Thirty soil samples were studied for clostridia, and two yielded six strains of C. tetani, four of which proved to be toxigenic when mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the culture supernates. These four isolates could be ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Costa Rica, cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer, despite accessibility of screening through the universal health care system. There is little understanding of knowledge levels of the adolescent population on cervical cancer, although this population is the most exposed to risk factors. This stud...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v62i3.14063
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Community structure and composition are dictated by evolutionary and ecological assembly processes which are manifested in signals of, species diversity, species abundance and species relatedness. Analysis of species coexisting relatedness, has received attention as a tool to identify the processes that influence the ...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v64i3.18806
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A conductivity staining method for tissue samples were developed using a solution of 10 ml of 5% carbolic acid solution, 2 g of tannic acid, and 10 ml of saturated aluminium sulfate 12-hydrated after fixation with osmium. Specimens of kidney (mouse) with the above treatment can be analyzed under a scanning electron mi...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spawning of the muricid gastropod Plicopurpura pansa in the laboratory at 22-23 degrees C is described. Females deposited 1-20 capsules daily for at least 20 weeks, and produced up to 150 capsules each per spawning season. During spawning, egg clusters were formed consisting of hundreds of capsules of different ag...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14702
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Habitat modifications such as deforestation and the increase of agricultural activities, have led to uncommon faunal interactions. In Colombia, this condition have caused the secondary contact of subspecies of Ramphocelus flammigerus populations from Cauca valley and the Pacific coast; and some specimens with rumps of...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Critical evaluation of terminology use in ecology is important to avoid using jargon that helps little to facilitate communication. Here we reply to Monge-Najera’s comment on the use of the terms ensemble and assemblage, we argue for the use of the words ensamble and ensamblaje in Spanish. In addition, both terms have...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centrostephanus coronatus reaches a density of 0.06 individuals/m2 in shallow reef waters in Parque Nacional Marino Ballena, Pacific of Costa Rica, in the same habitat occupied by the urchin Diadema mexicanum. It is the fourth species of diadematoid urchins reported for Costa Rican and a first new report for Central A...
journal_title：Revista de biologia tropical
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
