Abstract:
:The influence of body weight on the performance in cross-country skiing has been studied by: dimensional analysis of the ratio (R) between the factors of importance to power production (VO2max, acceleration of gravity) and the braking powers, e.g., friction and air resistance; measuring the energy cost of level skiing (N = 6); comparing male world class skiers (N = 5) with less successful ones (N = 34) and female winners of the National Championships (N = 9) with non-winners (N = 9) in regard to the relationship between body weight and VO2max. The dimensional analysis revealed that R was less than unity for rather steep uphills. For level, downhill, and less steep uphill skiing, R was greater than unity. Thus, skiers who are light will be favored in steep uphill slopes, whereas heavier skiers have advantages in the other parts of the track. Energy cost per kilogram for level skiing was inversely related to the transported mass. Per unit of distance, this cost was positively related to velocity. The world class skiers displayed significantly greater VO2max than the less successful ones, regardless of the unit used. The lowest standard deviation among the world class skiers was attained when expressing VO2max as ml X min-1 X kg-2/3. The present results indicate that R will be quite close to unity and therefore the performance capability would theoretically be independent of body mass. Furthermore, VO2max is preferably expressed as ml X min-1 X kg-2/3 for cross-country skiers.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Bergh Usubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-08-01 00:00:00pages
324-31issue
4eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to examine whether performance supercompensation during taper is maximized in endurance athletes after experiencing overreaching during an overload training (OT) period. METHODS:Thirty-three trained male triathletes were assigned to either OT (n = 23) or normal training groups (n =...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000301
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study focused on age and physical activity as determinants of muscle strength. The study involved 620 women 25-73 yr of age. The five muscle groups assessed were: grip, plantarflexors, hip abductors, trunk flexors, and trunk extensors. Pearson correlations yielded significant negative correlations of muscle stren...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate effectively interventions to increase physical activity among older persons, reliable and valid measures of physical activity are required that can also detect the expected types of physical activity changes in this population. This paper describes a self-report physical activity questionnaire for o...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200107000-00010
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE:Physical inactivity in postmenopausal women contributes to a rise in atherogenic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Although regular physical activity positively contributes to health, inactivity progressively increases with age. The Dose Response to Exercise in Women aged 45-...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000113738.06267.E5
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Stroke volume response to exercise depends on changes in cardiac filling, intrinsic myocardial contractility, and left ventricular afterload. The purpose of this study was to compare these responses during an upright cycle test performed until exhaustion in children and adults. METHODS:Stroke volume, cardiac o...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200203000-00012
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, transient, rise in cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i-transient) couples electrical excitation to contraction in muscle. Such [Ca2+]i-transients in muscle are actually subcellular spatio-temporal events that are determined dynamically by i) diffusional fluxes of Ca2+, ii) by the binding or un...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between VO2 and velocity of running (running economy) has been rather casually dealt with until very recently, and there still remains considerable disagreement as to the importance of this variable. Various factors which have been shown, or appear, to affect running economy include environment (tempe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of anthropometry and body composition on running economy is unclear, with previous investigations involving small relatively homogeneous groups of runners and limited anthropometric/composition measurements. PURPOSE:To comprehensively investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition w...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002158
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test a hypothesis that the differences in running performances between men and women narrow with increasing race distance, recent best running speeds (m.s-1) of 28 female ultramarathon runners over racing distances from 5 to 90 km were compared with those of male runners matched for 56 km race time, age and trainin...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199702000-00013
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forces that are repeatedly applied to the body could lead to positive remodeling of a structure if the forces fall below the tensile limit of the structure and if sufficient time is provided between force applications. On the other hand, an overuse injury could result if there is inadequate rest time between applied f...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000126803.66636.dd
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exercise improves the diagnostic performance of ankle-to-brachial index (ABI) in the detection of exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). Pressure values for all four limbs are required to calculate ABI, but rapid systemic pressure changes occur during the recovery period from exercise. We checked whethe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000232021.21361.9c
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:One approach to studying the effects of aging on physiological functional capacity (PFC) in humans is to analyze the peak physical performance of trained athletes with increasing age. The primary aim of the present study was to determine weightlifting and powerlifting performance with increasing age in both men...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000106283.34742.BE
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:The goal of this program was to determine the feasibility of a novel noninvasive, highly miniaturized optomechanical earbud sensor for accurately estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The optomechanical sensor module, small enough to fit inside commercia...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000183
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a state of extreme hyperthermia that occurs when excess heat that is generated by muscular exercise exceeds the body's ability to dissipate it at the same rate. EHS is thought to coincide with previously healthy, highly motivated, and relatively untrained individuals exerting ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199902000-00004
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological mechanism of exercise-induced hyperfibrinolysis is not fully understood. It has been reported that exercise increases plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) and that PAVP infusion enhances blood fibrinolytic activity (FA). To characterize the fibrinolytic role of PAVP during exercise, PAVP and FA were ex...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine 1) relationships between adult PA at 35 yr and PA as a child, and 2) the influence of enhanced primary school physical education (physed+) and of parental PA upon the long-term tracking of PA in the offspring. METHODS:PA data from the 1970-1977 Trois-Rivieres Growth and Development Study, completed ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000145525.29140.3b
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following paper gives a summary of the published studies that have applied the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to the prediction of exercising intentions and behavior. The paper focuses primarily on the knowledge gained from the application of these theories and how these theoretical frameworks co...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the physiological and performance adaptations between periodized and nonperiodized resistance training in women collegiate tennis athletes. METHODS:Thirty women (19 +/- 1 yr) were assigned to either a periodized resistance training group (P), nonperiodized training group (NV), or a control group (C)...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200301000-00024
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To date, no study has examined the synergistic effects of a nutrition and combination of aerobic and strength training (CAST) on both adiposity and metabolic parameters in overweight Latina adolescent females. The goal was to assess if a 16-wk nutrition plus CAST pilot study had stronger effects on reducing adi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819b6aea
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:High school cross-country runners have a high incidence of injury, particularly at the shin and knee. An increased step rate during running has been shown to reduce impact forces and loading of the lower extremity joints. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine step rate as a risk factor for injury...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000890
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to identify key demographic and health factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Participants were adults > or = 18 yr of age living in the province of Alberta, Canada who were previously diagnosed with type...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000228937.86539.95
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Skeletal muscle injury is major concern in sport- and occupation-related fields. PURPOSE:We investigated the effects of increasing stretch-shortening contraction (SSC) repetition number in vivo and the resulting changes in functional performance and quantitative morphometry in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS:...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180686dc7
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors measured in a large community sample were evaluated. Self-reported physical activity using a single question, maximal oxygen consumption estimates derived from the Pawtucket Heart Health Step Test, blood pressure, no...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been referred to as an "energy sensor" because it binds to and is regulated by both AMP and ATP. The binding of AMP to AMPK allows it to be phosphorylated by upstream kinases, resulting in its activation. In contrast, the binding of ATP prevents its activation. AMPK regulate...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000233796.16411.13
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:For most people, the benefits of physical activity far outweigh the risks. Research has suggested that exercise preparticipation questionnaires might refer an unwarranted number of adults for medical evaluation before exercise initiation, creating a potential barrier to adoption. The new American College of Spo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001331
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The best sprint performances are usually reached between the ages of 20 and 30 yr; however, even in well-trained individuals, performance continues to decrease with age. Although this inevitable decrease in performance has been related to reductions in muscular force, velocity, and power capabilities, these mea...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001039
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Few data on the effect of exercise interventions in black women at risk for cardiovascular disease are available. METHODS:Women ≥18 yr of age without known cardiovascular disease with ≥1 coronary risk factor were enrolled in a community-based exercise program ≥3 d·wk for ≥30 min per session for 6 months. Exerc...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001580
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Migrating birds have been able to sustain an energy expenditure (EE) that is five times their basal metabolic rate. Although humans can readily reach these levels, it is not yet clear what levels can be sustained for several days. PURPOSE:The study's purposes were 1) to determine the upper limits of human E...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822430ed
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness at a 12-month follow-up in healthy Swedish 4-yr-old children. METHODS:The data from the population-based MINISTOP trial were collected ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001313
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the physiological responses to walking with hand-held weights (HWs), 12 untrained men completed three sub-maximal and two maximal treadmill tests. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, rate pressure product, and rating of perceived exer...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00