Abstract:
:Systematic reviews are generating valuable scientific knowledge about the impact of public health laws, but this knowledge is not readily accessible to policy makers. We identified 65 systematic reviews of studies on the effectiveness of 52 public health laws: 27 of those laws were found effective, 23 had insufficient evidence to judge effectiveness, 1 was harmful, and 1 was found to be ineffective. This is a valuable, scientific foundation-that uses the highest relevant standard of evidence-for the role of law as a public health tool. Additional primary studies and systematic reviews are needed to address significant gaps in knowledge about the laws' public health impact, as are energetic, sustained initiatives to make the findings available to public policy makers.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Moulton AD,Mercer SL,Popovic T,Briss PA,Goodman RA,Thombley ML,Hahn RA,Fox DMdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2007.130278subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
17-24issue
1eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048pii
AJPH.2007.130278journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat b...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.3.249
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the ability of MedisGroups, a severity measure based on clinical data abstracted from the medical record, to predict mortality 30 days following admission. MedisGroups measures severity both on admission and approximately one week into the hospital stay. The data base was a random sample of 20,985 admissio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.1.74
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the contribution of age and other risk factors to racial disparities in rates of moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500-2499 g) and very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g). METHODS:Logistic regression models were developed to determine the effects on MLBW and VLBW of maternal age, race, and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1815
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the role of body mass index (BMI) and other factors in driver deaths within 30 days after motor vehicle crashes. METHODS:We collected data for 22 107 drivers aged 16 years and older who were involved in motor vehicle crashes from the Crashworthiness Data System of the National Automotive Samplin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.058156
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random sample of 2266 women aged 50 to 69 years was used to investigate factors that predict attendance at a free Australian mammographic screening program. The most important predictor was receipt of a personal invitation letter. A letter that included an appointment time increased attendance 132-fold initially and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.10.1655
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have increased fivefold in the past decade. To address this expanding and complex issue, state public health agencies have addressed the opioid crisis affecting newborns in diverse ways, leading to a variety of methods to quantify the burden of NAS.In an effort to understand...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305170
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the effect of birth cohort on incidence rates of hip fracture among women and men in the Framingham Study. METHODS:Age-specific incidence rates of first hip fracture were presented according to tertile of year of birth for 5209 participants of the Framingham Study, a population-based coh...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.5.858
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined hospital administrators' experiences with the National Practitioner Data Bank. METHODS:One hundred forty-nine rural hospital administrators completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the data bank. RESULTS:Nearly 90% of respondents rated the data bank as an important source...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.4.663
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Whitehall Study, which followed 17,139 male civil servants over 33 years, the association between tall stature and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality differed between employment grades. In men without CHD at study entry, the hazard ratio per 15-cm increase in height was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/2004.046219
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used data from telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires to examine 12 aspects of family life among 93 families with infants considered at high risk for sudden infant death syndrome and on home apnea monitors and a matched comparison group with infants not requiring monitoring. Using logistic regression to con...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.5.719
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients who do not regularly visit general health care providers but do visit dentists and whose unaddressed systemic health conditions could therefore be identified by their dentist. Of the 26.0% of children and 24.1% of adults that did not access general outpatient ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300420
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine relationships between sociodemographic indicators of risk and depression symptoms within the Black and White populations. METHODS:In a national probability sample, differences in sex, age, marital status, religion, social class, employment status, urbanicity, and region were evaluated a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.2.240
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared childbirth-related outcomes for Medicaid recipients who received prenatal education and childbirth support from trained doulas with outcomes from a national sample of similar women and estimated potential cost savings. METHODS:We calculated descriptive statistics for Medicaid-funded births natio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301201
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined whether a representative national probability sample of US community-dwelling older adults who reported less social support also reported poorer general health status, which is a robust predictor of prospective mortality among elders. METHODS:We analyzed 2 subsamples generated via random sampl...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.146894
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear weapons pose a particularly destructive threat. Prevention of the proliferation and use of nuclear weapons is urgently important to public health. "Horizontal" proliferation refers to nation-states or nonstate entities that do not have, but are acquiring, nuclear weapons or developing the capability and materi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.100602
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the effect of an active program of household lead paint hazard abatement, applied over 22 years, on childhood lead poisoning in Massachusetts. METHODS:A small areas analysis was used to compare screening blood lead levels of children in Worcester County, Mass (n = 27,590), with those in ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.11.1690
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the 1980-81 academic year, 249 academic institutions were surveyed concerning professional preparation in patient education. Various degrees of involvement were reported by 39 institutions. Findings indicate that such programs are relatively new, and enrollment in degree programs and courses is limited. Placeme...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.2.180
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify individual and contextual predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and progression to daily smoking by race/ethnicity. METHODS:We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to estimate the effects of individual (adolescent, family, peer) and contextual (scho...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.1.128
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A parasitic surveillance of farm workers of Puerto Rican background and their children revealed a high prevalence rate (35.5%) of parasites in this population. This high prevalence rate, however, was expected in view of the fact that other researchers have found a high degree of parasitosis in Puerto Rican populations...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.10.1103
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed shifts in patterns of mortality during a hot weather event in greater Vancouver, British Columbia. METHODS:We used a case-only analysis to compare characteristics of individuals who died during the hottest week of 2009 with those who died (1) during earlier summer weeks in 2009 and (2) during th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300670
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To deploy a methodology accurately identifying tweets marketing the illegal online sale of controlled substances. METHODS:We first collected tweets from the Twitter public application program interface stream filtered for prescription opioid keywords. We then used unsupervised machine learning (specifically...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303994
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe has undertaken a large study to evaluate housing and health in 7 European cities. METHODS:Survey tools were used to obtain information about housing and living conditions, health perception, and health status from a representative sample of the popu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1559
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary considers the implications of the assessment of racial/ethnic status for monitoring the health of African Americans and other Black populations in the United States. It argues that because racial disparities in health and other social indicators persist undiminished, the continued assessment of race is...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1728
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research suggests that greater ethnic density correlates with worse health among African Americans but better health among Hispanic Americans. These conflicting patterns may arise from Hispanic American samples being older than African American samples. We found that among 2367 Mexican American and 2790 African Americ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300787
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of live births, spontaneous fetal deaths, and induced abortions in residents of Upstate New York ages 12--17 shows that pregnancy rates increased during the period 1971 through 1974. This increase was attributable to pregnancies ending in induced abortion while live births remained relatively stable. White te...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.8.753
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deeper understanding of how structure and environment shape the sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities of youths across a range of outcomes has implications for the development of successful policies and programs. We have discussed some of the key structural and environmental factors that influence the sexua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302740
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electronic health records and electronic health information exchange are essential to improving quality of care, reducing medical errors and health disparities, and advancing the delivery of patient-centered medical care. In the US correctional setting, these goals are critical because of the high numbers of Americans...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301845
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The head coaches and players of 103 secondary school football teams in Minnesota were asked to respond to mail questionnaires. Information about injury incidence and concomitant health care provision was elicited. Responses from 3,063 players (81 per cent) yielded a total injury rate of 78 injuries/100 players; 19/100...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.12.1370
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS:Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National Vit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.505
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined correlates of condomless anal intercourse with nonmain sexual partners among African American men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS:We recruited social networks composed of 445 Black MSM from 2012 to 2014 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Cleveland, Ohio; and Miami Beach, Florida. Participants reporte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302945
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00