Abstract:
:A phylogenetic analysis of 52 published and 37 new nucleoprotein (NP) gene sequences addressed the evolution and origin of human and swine influenza A viruses. H1N1 human and classical swine viruses (i.e., those related to Swine/Iowa/15/30) share a single common ancestor, which was estimated to have occurred in 1912 to 1913. From this common ancestor, human and classical swine virus NP genes have evolved at similar rates that are higher than in avian virus NP genes (3.31 to 3.41 versus 1.90 nucleotide changes per year). At the protein level, human virus NPs have evolved twice as fast as classical swine virus NPs (0.66 versus 0.34 amino acid change per year). Despite evidence of frequent interspecies transmission of human and classical swine viruses, our analysis indicates that these viruses have evolved independently since well before the first isolates in the early 1930s. Although our analysis cannot reveal the original host, the ancestor virus was avianlike, showing only five amino acid differences from the root of the avian virus NP lineage. The common pattern of relationship and origin for the NP and other genes of H1N1 human and classical swine viruses suggests that the common ancestor was an avian virus and not a reassortant derived from previous human or swine influenza A viruses. The new avianlike H1N1 swine viruses in Europe may provide a model for the evolution of newly introduced avian viruses into the swine host reservoir. The NPs of these viruses are evolving more rapidly than those of human or classical swine viruses (4.50 nucleotide changes and 0.74 amino acid change per year), and when these rates are applied to pre-1930s human and classical swine virus NPs, the predicted date of a common ancestor is 1918 rather than 1912 to 1913. Thus, our NP phylogeny is consistent with historical records and the proposal that a short time before 1918, a new H1N1 avianlike virus entered human or swine hosts (O. T. Gorman, R. O. Donis, Y. Kawaoka, and R. G. Webster, J. Virol. 64:4893-4902, 1990). This virus provided the ancestors of all known human influenza A virus genes, except for HA, NA, and PB1, which have since been reassorted from avian viruses. We propose that during 1918 a virulent strain of this new avianlike virus caused a severe human influenza pandemic and that the pandemic virus was introduced into North American swine populations, constituting the origin of classical swine virus.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Gorman OT,Bean WJ,Kawaoka Y,Donatelli I,Guo YJ,Webster RGdoi
10.1128/JVI.65.7.3704-3714.1991subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-07-01 00:00:00pages
3704-14issue
7eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Several point mutations in the simian virus 40 (SV40) small-t antigen have been analyzed for their effects on protein stability, transformation, transactivation, and binding of two cellular proteins. All mutations which affected cysteine residues in two cysteine clusters produced highly unstable small-t antigens. Four...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.6.2895-2900.1990
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro transcription pattern of simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by a mammalian ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase, was studied by electron microscopy and velocity sedimentation techniques. It was found that (i) the majority of supercoiled SV40 DNA molecules displayed a single binding site for t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.6.5.667-676.1970
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:It was recently reported that 44% of the oropharyngeal samples from the healthy humans in a study cohort had DNA sequences similar to that of the chlorovirus ATCV-1 (Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1, family Phycodnaviridae) and that these study subjects had decreases in visual processing and visual m...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01254-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Borna disease virus (BDV) is an enveloped virus with a genome organization characteristic of Mononegavirales. However, based on its unique features, BDV is considered the prototypic member of a new virus family, Bornaviridae, within the order Mononegavirales. We have described the establishment of a reverse genetics s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6544-6550.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection induced the activation of the cellular transcription factor NF-kappaB. Here, we investigate the mechanism for the HCMV-induced NF-kappaB activation and the role that the induced NF-kappaB plays in transactivation of the major immediate-early promot...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.9.4498-4507.2004
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that expresses several immediate-early genes under the control of different promoters. The expression of one of these transcription units, IE-N, is shown here, by a transient expression assay, to be regulated by both cis- and tra...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.2.945-951.1991
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The potency and breadth of the recently isolated neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1 have stimulated interest in their use to prevent or to treat HIV-1 infection. Due to the antigenically diverse nature of the HIV-1 envelope (Env), no single antibody is highly active against all viral strains. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02097-15
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel circular DNA virus sequence is reported from grapevine. The corresponding genomic organization, coding potential, and conserved origin of replication are similar to those of members of the family Geminiviridae, but the genome of 3,206 nucleotides is 4% larger than the largest reported geminiviral genome and sh...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00943-12
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vaccinia virus H5 gene encodes a 22.3-kDa phosphoprotein that is expressed during both the early and late phases of viral gene expression. It is a major component of virosomes and has been implicated in viral transcription and, as a substrate of the B1 kinase, may participate in genome replication. To enable a gen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.5.2393-2405.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been shown in laboratory studies to be effective against a variety of tumors, including malignant brain tumors. However, attenuation of VSV may be necessary to balance the potential toxicity toward normal cells, particularly when targeting brain tumors. Here we compared 10 recombin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02040-09
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Baculovirus DNAs are synthesized and inserted into preformed capsids to form nucleocapsids at a site in the infected cell nucleus, termed the virogenic stroma. Nucleocapsid assembly ofAutographa californicamultiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) requires the major capsid protein VP39 and nine minor capsid pro...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02885-15
更新日期:2016-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse hind footpad inoculation model has served as a standard laboratory system for the study of the neuropathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The temporal and spatial distribution of viral antigen, known as the transneuronal spread phenotype, has not previously been described; nor is it ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.3.2425-2435.1997
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phage P22 can integrate as prophage into a recombination-deficient (Rec(-)) strain of Salmonella typhimurium. At 37 C, the integration efficiency is only 10% that in Rec(+) infection, but at 25 C the efficiencies in Rec(-) and Rec(+) hosts are similar. Rec(-) lysogens cannot be induced by ultraviolet irradiation or by...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.2.7.702-709.1968
更新日期:1968-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for dengue disease, a major human health concern for which no specific therapies are available. Like other viruses, DENV relies heavily on the host cellular machinery for productive infection. In this study, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen us...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01751-19
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The chimpanzee monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5H2 is specific for dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) and neutralizes the virus at a high titer in vitro. The epitope detected by the antibody was mapped by sequencing neutralization escape variants of the virus. One variant contained a Lys174-Glu substitution and another contained ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01420-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-VPg immunoprecipitable RNA labeled in vitro during a poliovirus RNA polymerase reaction was formed by the elongation of VPg-containing template fragments rather than by initiation with VPg. The reaction was dependent on a host factor (terminal uridylyl transferase). The incorporation of labeled UTP could be detec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.58.1.212-215.1986
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generating durable humoral immunity through vaccination depends upon effective interactions of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells with germinal center (GC) B cells. Th1 polarization of Tfh cells is an important process shaping the success of Tfh-GC B cell interactions by influencing costimulatory and cytokine-dependent T...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01737-19
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Monomers of the genomic strand of hepatitis delta virus RNA were transcribed in vitro and then delivered to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by using a liposome fusion technique. After 7 days, genome replication was detected, but only in fibroblasts that stably expressed the delta antigen. Sequence analysis of the replicated produ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.6.3104-3107.1990
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic analysis showed that the Ki values and the Ki/Km ratios for mutated, recombinant M184V human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) for (-)2'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine triphosphate (3TCTP) were 35-fold higher than the equivalent values for wild-type RT but only about twice as high as the equiva...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.8.5642-5645.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified replicative form (RF) and replicative intermediate (RI) prepared from Escherichia coli cells infected with the ribonucleic acid (RNA) bacteriophage R17 were denatured with dimethyl sulfoxide at 37 C or in aqueous solvents of low ionic strength at 97 C. Denaturation was demonstrated for RF and RI by an increas...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.1.3.514-522.1967
更新日期:1967-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.25.1.129-137.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have revealed that innate immunity is involved in the development of adaptive immune responses; however, its role in protection is not clear. In order to elucidate the exact role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) or RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against influenz...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01675-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used previously characterized spleen necrosis virus-based retroviral vectors and helper cells to study the strand transfers that occur during the reverse-transcription phase of a single cycle of retroviral replication. The conditions used selected only for formation of an active provirus rather than for expression ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.1.207-216.1994
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins specific for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-infected human T cells (HSB-2) were examined by using polyclonal rabbit antibodies and monoclonal antibodies against HHV-6-infected cells and human sera. More than 20 proteins and six glycoproteins specific for HHV-6-infected cells were identified from [35S]methionine-...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.6.2835-2840.1989
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The Nairovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family contains serious human and animal pathogens classified within multiple serogroups and species. Of these serogroups, the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) serogroup comprises sole members CCHFV and Hazara virus (HAZV). CCHFV is an emerging zoonotic v...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00661-16
更新日期:2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Based on previous structural and functional studies, a potential receptor-binding site composed of residues that form a pocket at one end of the two long antiparallel helices in the receptor-binding domain of Friend 57 murine leukemia virus envelope protein (RBD) has been proposed. To test this hypothesis, directed su...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.5.3758-3763.1999
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) is divided into three subgroups, A, B, and C, based on sequence divergence at the left end of genomic DNA in which the saimiri transforming protein (STP) resides. Subgroup A and C strains transform primary common marmoset lymphocytes to interleukin-2-independent growth, whereas subgroup B str...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.17.8102-8110.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed idiotype-anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies that provide evidence for rabies virus binding to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Hybridoma cell lines 7.12 and 7.25 resulted after fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with rabies virus strain CVS. Antibody 7.12 ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.1.530-542.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We molecularly cloned the src coding region of tsNY68, a mutant of Rous sarcoma virus temperature sensitive (ts) for transformation, and constructed a series of ts wild-type recombinant src genes. DNA containing the hybrid genes was transfected into chicken cells together with viral vector DNA and helper viral DNA, an...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.56.3.743-749.1985
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) remains latent throughout the life of the carrier, with cells containing the provirus and viral gene expression efficiently down-regulated. On a molecular level, exactly how viruses are down-regulated in vivo remains unresolved. We described here the possibility that down-re...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.6.4485-4494.1997
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00