Abstract:
:Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, also known as primary HIV infection, is the initial phase of infection, spanning from inoculation to the establishment of CD4 count and viral load set points. This phase is marked by dynamic changes in viral replication and host immune responses and contains 2 important clinical events: acute retroviral syndrome and seroconversion. Acute HIV infection is challenging to diagnose, but with recent improvements in diagnostic testing and a heightened awareness of acute HIV, the emergency physician is well positioned to make this diagnosis and initiate important interventions for the individual patient and public health.
journal_name
Emerg Med Clin North Amjournal_title
Emergency medicine clinics of North Americaauthors
Self WHdoi
10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
381-92, Table of Contentsissue
2eissn
0733-8627issn
1558-0539pii
S0733-8627(10)00003-9journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many orthopedic injuries can have hidden risks that result in increased liability for the emergency medicine practitioner. It is imperative that emergency medicine practitioners consider the diagnoses of compartment syndrome, high-pressure injury, spinal epidural abscess, and tendon lacerations in the right patient. C...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.008
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain, swelling, and limited range of motion of a joint are extremely common complaints in the emergency department. In assessing joint complaints it is helpful for the emergency physician to keep in mind the major categories of diagnostic possibilities; it is also useful to distinguish between chronic and acute proble...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some degree of abdominal pain is virtually physiologic in pregnancy, for which reason these women will commonly present to the emergency physician for clinical evaluation. Appendicitis is the commonest nonobstetric surgical malady complicating pregnancy; however, its clinical presentation may resemble several other su...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transition of biphasic waveforms from ICDs to external defibrillators constitutes a significant technological advances for transthoracic defibrillation. Impedance compensation has enabled the delivery of defibrillating current adapted to each patient and each shock in the same patient. Optimally designed biphasic ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(02)00028-7
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the clinical manifestations of an abnormal serum sodium concentration are uncommon, imbalances in sodium and water occur frequently. The major indications for the determination of the serum sodium are those situations in which the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia or hypernatremia are likely. In other situat...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venomous aquatic animals are hazardous to swimmers, surfers, divers, and fishermen. Exposures include mild stings, bites, abrasions, and lacerations. Severe envenomations can be life threatening. This article reviews common marine envenomations, exploring causative species, clinical presentation, and current treatment...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.004
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency due to bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Mortality can reach 50%. The clinical presentation is most often in the form of headache, classically defined as maximal at onset and worst of life. The most common cause is traumatic; approximately 80% of nontraumatic...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2017.07.001
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the pearls and pitfalls of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies occurring in women presenting to the emergency department. Some pitfalls include failure to screen for ectopic pregnancy, tachycardia as an unreliable indicator of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and the use of serum hCG as a testing p...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70306-0
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most common problems facing the emergency department physician is the management of bite wounds. Therapy for these common injuries is ill-defined and often controversial. This article outlines treatment guidelines for the emergency physician for dog bites, cat bites, rabies, snake bites, and human bites. ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruption of cerebral blood flow may influence brain energy metabolism to produce reversible or irreversible neurologic deficits. The emergency physician is in a unique position to provide timely treatment during the first few hours of an acute stroke. He or she must be facile with unique pharmacologic and non-pharma...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70245-5
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade several new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have become available, including new formulations of some of the older medications. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of the new AEDs is important because they are primarily used for adjunctive therapy and interactions with other medications can result in ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2010.09.004
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although useful to emergency physicians in determining and following up treatment, the microbiology department can be a source of frustration and erroneous results due to improper or inconsistent methodology, ordering, and interpretation. This article will review the principles of microbiologic specimen collection, ha...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patient with severe head injury is a therapeutic challenge and demands all of the skills of the emergency medical specialist to manage traumatic injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, and limbs, as well as the specialized problems associated with respiratory care in a patient with raised ICP. The initial treatment ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary edema is differentiated into two categories--cardiogenic and noncardiogenic. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is due to changes in permeability of the pulmonary capillary membrane as a result of either a direct or an indirect pathologic process. It is a spectrum of illness ranging from the less severe form of ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(03)00020-8
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric patients often present to the emergency department with orthopedic pathology that can challenge the emergency department physician. This article focuses on key diagnoses that are frequently mismanaged. These diagnoses require specific knowledge to execute appropriate treatment. Pediatric fractures, compartme...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.008
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::US is the imaging modality of choice in many situations encountered in the Emergency Department. It is particularly useful in evaluating renal colic, pain or vaginal bleeding in the pregnant patient, and pelvic pain in the nonpregnant woman; and in diagnosing gallbladder disease, appendicitis, proximal lower extremity...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central nervous system (CNS) infections require early recognition and aggressive management to improve patient survival and prevent long-term neurologic sequelae. Although early detection and treatment are important in many infectious syndromes, CNS infections pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The non...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.06.004
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many systemic diseases have associated oral symptoms. Occasionally, patients with these diseases present with lesions that occur primarily in the mouth. Although few systemic diseases have strictly pathognomonic lesions of the oral mucosa, a careful examination of the oral cavity can often lend important clues to maki...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70144-9
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency thoracotomy is a valuable therapeutic modality for the moribund patient when trauma is the cause of the shock state. It is a procedure that requires an understanding of the technique and indications and should be instituted based on the indications listed above. There is probably no reason to do this procedu...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soft tissue disorders of the mouth encompass a wide expanse of pathophysiology. This article focuses on the identification, etiology, management, and complications of common infectious processes (candidiasis, dental caries, and herpes labialis), inflammatory lesions (sialolithiasis, oral lichen planus, and aphthous ul...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.006
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxidromes aid emergency care providers in the context of the patient presenting with suspected poisoning, unexplained altered mental status, unknown hazardous materials or chemical weapons exposure, or the unknown overdose. The ability to capture an adequate chemical exposure history and to recognize toxidromes may r...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.09.004
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal injuries are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In the face of more obvious traumatic lesions, life-threatening intra-abdominal injuries may be initially overlooked. Plain abdominal and chest radiographs may prove diagnostic for specific injuries. However, normal or equivocal studies should not e...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few presentations to the emergency department are as critical or dramatic as the patient in shock. Cardiovascular disasters that commonly present with shock include massive pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, aortic dissection and aneurysm, and cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction. Because ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gynecologic malignancies are the third most common cancer among women in the United States. Because of often subtle early findings, the diagnosis may not be made before the widespread dissemination of the disease. The Emergency Department physician will commonly encounter a woman with vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis and septic shock remain all too frequent syndromes in modern medicine with unacceptably high mortality rates. Physicians must be aware of the many ways in which sepsis and septic shock may present and the multiple differential diagnoses. Early recognition and prompt institution of empiric therapy are of utmost ...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the improvement of medical treatment for acute coronary syndromes throughout the 20th century, the authors believe that many cases of life-threatening coronary events could be avoided through early detection of CAD and the use of preventive strategies. Establishing chest pain units that are linked to the ED is...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70195-4
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy remains an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients suspected of having PE. It is important for the emergency physician to be able to use the information from a lung scan appropriately in the diagnostic management of this elusive and life-threatening disorder. This req...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formulary for dermatologic use in the emergency department must not only encompass drugs that are essential for advanced cardiac and trauma life support, but must have specific drugs that are indicated for common dermatologic conditions that are evaluated in the emergency department. First and foremost is the sele...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid response systems (RRS) are both intuitive and supported by data, but the institution of an RRS is not a panacea for in-hospital cardiac arrest or unexpected deaths. RRS implementation should be one component of an institution-wide effort to improve patient safety that includes adequate nursing education and staf...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.09.012
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of prospective studies have shown that physicians' estimate of clinical likelihoods of PE have predictive value. The ability of clinicians to assess the factors that determine the probability of disease based on clinical manifestations such as history and signs and symptoms at presentation, and to make bedside...
journal_title:Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70227-3
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00