Abstract：
:Toxidromes aid emergency care providers in the context of the patient presenting with suspected poisoning, unexplained altered mental status, unknown hazardous materials or chemical weapons exposure, or the unknown overdose. The ability to capture an adequate chemical exposure history and to recognize toxidromes may reduce dependence on laboratory tests, speed time to delivery of specific antidote therapy, and improve selection of supportive care practices tailored to the etiologic agent. This article highlights elements of the exposure history and presents selected toxidromes that may be caused by toxic industrial chemicals and chemical weapons. Specific antidotes for toxidromes and points regarding their use, and special supportive measures, are presented.
journal_name
Emerg Med Clin North Amjournal_title
Emergency medicine clinics of North Americaauthors
Tomassoni AJ,French RN,Walter FGdoi
10.1016/j.emc.2014.09.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
13-36issue
1eissn
0733-8627issn
1558-0539pii
S0733-8627(14)00074-1journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article discusses clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches to acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2011.08.006
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The patient with severe head injury is a therapeutic challenge and demands all of the skills of the emergency medical specialist to manage traumatic injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, and limbs, as well as the specialized problems associated with respiratory care in a patient with raised ICP. The initial treatment ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prompt recognition of actual or impending aortic emergencies is essential to the effective practice of emergency medicine. Understanding the pathophysiologic principles and awareness of the potential subtleties in the clinical presentations of aortic dissection, aneurysm, and occlusive disease are prerequisites to thi...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(03)00063-4
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizure is one of the most common complaints encountered in the prehospital setting. In this review the authors discuss the prehospital management of seizures and review the evidence for specific treatment approaches. Specific attention is devoted to prehospital care of the pediatric seizure patient. Topics of interes...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.08.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy remains an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients suspected of having PE. It is important for the emergency physician to be able to use the information from a lung scan appropriately in the diagnostic management of this elusive and life-threatening disorder. This req...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergency physician should be familiar with the four general categories of TP complications: malfunctions, infections and dermatitis, vascular complications, and psychiatric complications (Table 2). Each category of complication can be readily evaluated and initially managed based on a few simple steps. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the pearls and pitfalls of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies occurring in women presenting to the emergency department. Some pitfalls include failure to screen for ectopic pregnancy, tachycardia as an unreliable indicator of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and the use of serum hCG as a testing p...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70306-0
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease are the most common hereditary bleeding disorders. A variety of treatment modalities of these disorders are discussed. Common organ system bleeding and its treatment and disposition are outlined. Finally, potential complications of both the disease and treatment are reviewed. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aging process results in changes in pulmonary physiology that make the elderly population more susceptible to pulmonary disease. These physiologic changes also alter the clinical presentation of such diseases, making the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disorders particularly challenging for the clinician. It ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.002
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adverse cardiovascular events comprise a large portion of the morbidity and mortality in drug overdose emergencies. Adverse cardiovascular events encountered by emergency physicians treating poisoned patients include myocardial injury, hemodynamic compromise with shock, tachydysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Early sig...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2013.10.003
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous surgical complications arise from parenteral drug use. Some complications have severe sequelae and most prove to be a diagnostic challenge. It is likely that these problems will remain a significant burden on the health care system as a result of continued widespread drug abuse. EPs must always maintain vigil...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(03)00068-3
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with behavioral disturbances account for approximately 6% of all ED visits. Emergency physicians are often responsible for the initial assessment of these patients' psychiatric complaints, which might include homicidal and suicidal behavior and acute psychosis. The ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2009.07.005
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emergency department crowding is a multifactorial issue with causes intrinsic to the emergency department and to the health care system. Understanding that the causes of emergency department crowding span this continuum allows for a more accurate analysis of its effects and a more global consideration of potential sol...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2020.04.001
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor lysis syndrome is most often seen after the treatment of blood and solid malignancies. The resultant hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia can lead to life threatening complications. Expeditious evaluation and therapy are paramount in preventing the most serious sequelae of acute renal...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2009.04.010
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, also known as primary HIV infection, is the initial phase of infection, spanning from inoculation to the establishment of CD4 count and viral load set points. This phase is marked by dynamic changes in viral replication and host immune responses and contains 2 import...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the geriatric population increases in the United States, there is an increase in number of visits to emergency departments for end-of-life and palliative care. This provides the emergency physician with a unique opportunity to alleviate and prevent further suffering in this vulnerable population. Competency in comm...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2016.04.013
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the broad technologic advancements of medicine, screening for illness in infants is highly reliant on a complete physical exam. For this reason it is critical that the examining physician not only have a thorough understanding of abnormal findings but also the normal findings and their variants. The vast major...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2007.07.013
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avoiding legal pitfalls of orthopedic injuries in the emergency department (ED) requires an understanding of certain high-risk injuries, their presentation, evaluation, and disposition. Various pitfalls pertaining to both upper and lower extremity injuries are discussed in detail, with recommendations regarding the hi...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.06.002
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although once considered unlikely, bioterrorism is now a reality in the United States since the anthrax cases began appearing in the fall of 2001. Intelligence sources indicate there are many countries and terrorist organizations that either possess biological weapons or are attempting to procure them. In the future i...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(02)00005-6
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric patients often present to the emergency department with orthopedic pathology that can challenge the emergency department physician. This article focuses on key diagnoses that are frequently mismanaged. These diagnoses require specific knowledge to execute appropriate treatment. Pediatric fractures, compartme...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.008
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of malignancy in childhood is challenging. Signs and symptoms are generally nonspecific, and children with an underlying malignancy rarely are seriously ill at the time of initial presentation. A thorough history and physical examination are the most important components of the emergency physician's asse...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexually transmitted diseases comprise one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Prompt treatment is essential to minimize the risk of fetal and neonatal adverse consequences. At this time, however, no pharmacologic therapy is routinely employed for the viral STDs during pregnancy, including HIV, HSV,...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endpoints of sedation and analgesia have been more difficult than traditional physiologic parameters to measure adequately. Several clinical scoring systems have been developed in an attempt to provide more consistent and objective assessments of sedation, but the few that have been validated are cumbersome to use...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70160-7
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain measurement and relief is complex and should be a priority for prehospital providers and supervisors. The literature continues to prove that we are poor pain relievers, despite the high prevalence of pain in the out-of-hospital patient population. Lack of education and research, along with agent availability, con...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.12.009
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evaluation of hydrocephalic shunts is a common problem seen in emergency departments. The emergency medicine practitioner must be aware of the various types of apparatus, the functional considerations of the shunt, and the potential complications of obstruction. Shunt malfunction, either from obstruction or infect...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:US is the imaging modality of choice in many situations encountered in the Emergency Department. It is particularly useful in evaluating renal colic, pain or vaginal bleeding in the pregnant patient, and pelvic pain in the nonpregnant woman; and in diagnosing gallbladder disease, appendicitis, proximal lower extremity...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although discussed much less than flexor tendon injuries, achievement of satisfactory function is difficult with these injuries. Under proper circumstances in clean wounds, and in a well equipped emergency department, they can be primarily repaired if the examining physician has the experience. If these conditions are...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) is a life-threatening condition that is frequently encountered in standard emergency medicine practice. Traditionally, diagnosis was based on physical assessment and chest radiography and treatment focused on the use of morphine sulfate and diuretics. Numerous advances in diagnosis an...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2005.07.005
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Academic emergency departments (EDs) play a vital role in provision of emergency care and contribute to training of resident physicians. Academic EDs also generate innovations and discoveries through clinical research within academic medical centers. However, academic EDs face challenges when initiating operational pr...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2020.03.006
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonenhanced CT scan remains the most valuable and available neuroimaging study available in the ED. Nonenhanced CT scans are excellent for identifying acute hemorrhage, mass lesions, hydrocephalus, and cerebral edema. It is of limited value in identifying old blood, small abscesses and tumors, arteriovenous malformati...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70315-1
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
