Abstract：
:Venomous aquatic animals are hazardous to swimmers, surfers, divers, and fishermen. Exposures include mild stings, bites, abrasions, and lacerations. Severe envenomations can be life threatening. This article reviews common marine envenomations, exploring causative species, clinical presentation, and current treatment recommendations. Recommendations are included for cnidaria, sponges, bristle worms, crown-of-thorns starfish, sea urchins, venomous fish, stingrays, cone snails, stonefish, blue-ringed octopus, and sea snakes. Immediate and long-term treatment options and management of common sequelae are reviewed. Antivenom administration, treatment of anaphylaxis, and surgical indications are discussed.
journal_name
Emerg Med Clin North Amjournal_title
Emergency medicine clinics of North Americaauthors
Hornbeak KB,Auerbach PSdoi
10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
321-337issue
2eissn
0733-8627issn
1558-0539pii
S0733-8627(16)30118-3journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Adverse cardiovascular events comprise a large portion of the morbidity and mortality in drug overdose emergencies. Adverse cardiovascular events encountered by emergency physicians treating poisoned patients include myocardial injury, hemodynamic compromise with shock, tachydysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Early sig...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2013.10.003
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, health care providers have sounded the call that the US mental health system is in crisis. With decreases in funding and eroding access to care, the availability of psychiatric services has become increasingly limited, failing to meet growing needs. This article provides a brief history of mental heal...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2015.07.013
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elderly patient is likely to suffer severer immediate effects and more long-term complications from equivalent forces of injury. However, with an aggressive approach to evaluation, monitoring, and treatment, there is hope for successful recovery in the majority of cases. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke should not solely be considered a disease of the elderly, and racial disparities are most evident among young adults. Acute stroke can present at any age and it is important to be familiar with the evaluation and treatment of stroke to provide timely care. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale helps phy...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2012.05.004
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central nervous system (CNS) infections require early recognition and aggressive management to improve patient survival and prevent long-term neurologic sequelae. Although early detection and treatment are important in many infectious syndromes, CNS infections pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The non...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2018.06.004
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dental pain and disfigurements cause patients to seek care from the Emergency Department of hospitals. It is important for physicians to understand dental disease and trauma in order to diagnose, treat, and refer patients with dental emergencies efficiently. Many common dental problems have been discussed in clinical ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment of maxillofacial, laryngeal, tracheal, and bronchial trauma are considered. Also discussed is pulmonary barotrauma. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiology of esophageal and gastric disorders is complicated and broad and includes iatrogenic, structural, inflammatory, neuromuscular, neoplastic, and infectious causes. Symptoms can be nonspecific and are often initially attributed to cardiac or respiratory causes. These disorders have both acute and chro...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.007
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of acute scrotal pain can be difficult. The most common causes include torsion of a testicular appendage, epididymitis, and testicular torsion, which account for 85% to 90% of all cases. These entities may be clinically indistinguishable because characteristic symptoms and signs for each overlap, whereas...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70033-x
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat-related illness represents a continuum of disorders from minor syndromes such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion to the severely life-threatening disorder known as heat stroke. It represents an important cause of wilderness-related morbidity and mortality. ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.004
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The landscape of acute stroke care has changed dramatically in the last decade. Even before the approval of tissue plasminogen activator for acute stroke in 1996, organized acute stroke care was initiated at several hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry was deeply entrenched in the search for neuroprotective agent...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(02)00022-6
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The scope of gynecologic infections presenting to the emergency department is quite diverse. This article presents an update on the current literature for vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscesses, the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, herpes, and syphilis. Inadequate identification or treatm...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(03)00039-7
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from a public health perspective. Case definitions are discussed. Incidence, outcome, and fixed and modifiable risk factors for cardiac arrest are described. There is a large variation in survival between communities that is not explained by patient or community fact...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2011.09.003
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defibrillation has emerged as the single most effective intervention for resuscitation of patients from cardiac arrest. This article reviews the electrophysiologic basis of defibrillation, and ways to increase the effectiveness of counter-shocks, particularly for refractory ventricular fibrillation. Automatic implanta...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:General management of the patient who has ingested an overdose of psychoactive medication is emphasized, since the suicidal patient has almost invariably taken multiple substances and often alcohol as well. The drug groups considered in detail include the sedative hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurologic emergency due to bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Mortality can reach 50%. The clinical presentation is most often in the form of headache, classically defined as maximal at onset and worst of life. The most common cause is traumatic; approximately 80% of nontraumatic...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2017.07.001
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trauma is the number one killer of Americans under age 34; optimal trauma care is provided when there is a well-functioning, comprehensive system. This article reviews the development of trauma centers in the United States, recommending that the number of trauma centers be optimized so that resources and expense be ke...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Academic emergency departments (EDs) play a vital role in provision of emergency care and contribute to training of resident physicians. Academic EDs also generate innovations and discoveries through clinical research within academic medical centers. However, academic EDs face challenges when initiating operational pr...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2020.03.006
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric mechanical ventilation is first initiated by emergency physicians when performing active airway management in a critically ill or injured child. When initiating and adjusting mechanical ventilation, the child has unique anatomy and physiology to consider. The EP is the first to respond to ventilator alarm tr...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.008
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizure is one of the most common complaints encountered in the prehospital setting. In this review the authors discuss the prehospital management of seizures and review the evidence for specific treatment approaches. Specific attention is devoted to prehospital care of the pediatric seizure patient. Topics of interes...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.08.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most dog and cat bite injuries are minor wounds that require only local wound care as well a patient evaluation for tetanus and rabies postexposure immunoprophylaxis. For larger wounds, primary or delayed primary closure can be performed safely where indicated. When antimicrobial agents are necessary, inexpensive peni...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avoiding legal pitfalls of orthopedic injuries in the emergency department (ED) requires an understanding of certain high-risk injuries, their presentation, evaluation, and disposition. Various pitfalls pertaining to both upper and lower extremity injuries are discussed in detail, with recommendations regarding the hi...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2010.06.002
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essentially, emergency medicine encompasses the efficient application of limited resources to provide timely care to patients in health crisis. The appropriate triage, management, and disposition of patients with orofacial complaints requires systematic evaluation with attention to the ABCs. The first priority is to s...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70134-6
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The porphyrias are a group of disorders involving enzymatic defects in heme synthesis. The porphyrias classically manifest neuro-visceral or photocutaneous symptoms based on which enzyme in the heme metabolic pathway is deficient. Although rare, the porphyrias would most likely be encountered in the emergency departme...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2005.03.014
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International EM development requires a comprehensive assessment of the current system and careful planning to ensure that the most important needs are addressed. Modeling a country's EM system after an existing foreign system underestimates the complex needs for instituting appropriate system interventions. Planning ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.09.005
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few presentations to the emergency department are as critical or dramatic as the patient in shock. Cardiovascular disasters that commonly present with shock include massive pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, aortic dissection and aneurysm, and cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction. Because ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A future challenge for international EM development is expanding the specialty to Africa, where it is non-existent. Another goal for international EM development is to assist in the peace process in the Middle East. There is increasing need for good EM development throughout the world. Development of international EM ...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2004.09.013
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aging population of the United States creates pharmaceutical challenges for the practicing emergency physician. Polypharmacy, drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, and other pharmaceutical complications from the pathophysiologic changes associated with aging need to be recognized in order to optimize outcomes i...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid controlled induction of anesthesia is useful to facilitate emergency intubation and to reduce the complications of intubation in pediatric patients. A protocol for rapid sequence intubation and suggestions for optimizing airway management in the Emergency Department are described. The use of end tidal carbon d...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric patients often present to the emergency department with orthopedic pathology that can challenge the emergency department physician. This article focuses on key diagnoses that are frequently mismanaged. These diagnoses require specific knowledge to execute appropriate treatment. Pediatric fractures, compartme...
journal_title：Emergency medicine clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.008
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
