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A therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine reduces markers of systemic immune activation and latent infection in patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Abstract：

:HIV infection is characterized by chronic immune activation and the establishment of a pool of latently infected cells. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress viral load to undetectable levels in peripheral blood by standard measure, however immune activation/chronic inflammation and latent infection persist and affect quality of life. We have now shown that a novel therapeutic HIV vaccine consisting of replication-defective HIV (HIVAX), given in the context of viral suppression under ART, can reduce both immune activation/chronic inflammation and latent infection. Immune activation, as measured by percent of CD8 + HLA-DR + CD38 + T cells, approached levels of healthy controls at week 16 following vaccination. Reduced immune activation was accompanied by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and peripheral α4β7 + plasmacytoid DC (a marker of mucosal immune activation). Levels of both HIV-1 DNA and 2-LTR circles were reduced at week 16 following vaccination, suggesting HIVAX can impact HIV-1 latency and reduce viral replication. Surprisingly, reduced immune activation/chronic inflammation was accompanied by an increase in the percent of memory CD4 + T cells expressing markers PD-1 and TIM-3. In addition, evaluation of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 + T cells for expression of 96 T cell related genes pre- and post-therapy revealed increased expression of a number of genes involved in the regulation of immune activation, T cell activation, and antiviral responses. Overall this study provides evidence that vaccination with HIVAX in subjects under long term antiviral suppression can reduce immune activation/chronic inflammation and latent infection (Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01428596).

journal_name

Vaccine

journal_title

Vaccine

authors

Pallikkuth S,Bolivar H,Fletcher MA,Babic DZ,De Armas LR,Gupta S,Termini JM,Arheart KL,Stevenson M,Tung FY,Fischl MA,Pahwa S,Stone GW

doi

10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.015

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-06-02 00:00:00

pages

4336-4345

issue

eissn

0264-410X

issn

1873-2518

pii

S0264-410X(20)30485-0

journal_volume

pub_type

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A therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine reduces markers of systemic immune activation and latent infection in patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy.