Abstract：
:Although the Neandertal locomotor system has been shown to differ from Homo sapiens, characteristics of Neandertal entheses, the skeletal attachments for muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules, have never been specifically investigated. Here, we analyse lower limb entheses of the Krapina Neandertal bones (Croatia, 130,000 BP) with the aim of determining how they compare with modern humans, using a standard developed by our research group for describing modern human entheseal variability. The entheses examined are those of the gluteus maximus, iliopsoas and vastus medialis on the femur, the quadriceps tendon on the patella, and soleus on the tibia. For the entheses showing a different morphological pattern from H. sapiens, we discuss the possibility of recognising genetic versus environmental causes. Our results indicate that only the gluteus maximus enthesis (the gluteal tuberosity), falls out of the modern human range of variation. It displays morphological features that could imply histological differences from modern humans, in particular the presence of fibrocartilage. In both H. sapiens and the Krapina Neandertals, the morphological pattern of this enthesis is the same in adult and immature femurs. These results can be interpreted in light of genetic differences between the two hominins. The possibility of functional adaptations to higher levels of mechanical load during life in the Neandertals seems less likely. The particular morphology and large dimensions of the Krapina enthesis, and perhaps its fibrocartilaginous nature, could have been selected for in association with other pelvic and lower limb characteristics, even if genetic drift cannot be ruled out.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Mariotti V,Belcastro MGdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.12.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
694-702issue
6eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(11)00006-6journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Questions of alpha taxonomy are best addressed by comparing unknown specimens to samples of the taxa to which they might belong. However, analysis of the hominin fossil record is riddled with methods that claim to evaluate whether pairs of individual fossils belong to the same species. Two such methods, log sem and th...
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.007
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.02.002
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.005
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.008
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drawing inferences about locomotor energetics from limb morphology, especially in regard to small differences between individuals, depends critically on valid estimates of lower-limb inertial properties. While there are numerous options for such estimations in the literature, geometric models that involve simple measu...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.04.001
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
