Abstract：
:Drawing inferences about locomotor energetics from limb morphology, especially in regard to small differences between individuals, depends critically on valid estimates of lower-limb inertial properties. While there are numerous options for such estimations in the literature, geometric models that involve simple measures and straightforward mathematics combined with the ability to capture individual variation are rare. In this research, we apply a method, originally developed for quadrupeds, that models limb segments as elliptical columns. When the elliptical model is applied to bipeds, it provides a means of estimating limb-segment inertial properties accurately enough to test differences between individuals of similar stature and mass, but with variation in mass distribution and limb length. We test the method against commonly used equations and are able to show the validity of the method for thigh and shank segments.
journal_name
J Hum Evoljournal_title
Journal of human evolutionauthors
Wall-Scheffler CM,Myers MJ,Steudel-Numbers Kdoi
10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.04.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
320-6issue
3eissn
0047-2484issn
1095-8606pii
S0047-2484(06)00055-8journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Two hypotheses, based on previous work on Neandertal anterior and premolar teeth, are investigated here: (1) that estimated molar lateral enamel formation times in Neandertals are likely to fall within the range of modern human population variation, and (2) that perikymata (lateral enamel growth increments) are distri...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.016
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have reported an empirical link between the size of the semicircular canals and locomotor agility across adult primates. In this paper, we investigate the possibility that this relationship does not follow from the function of the semicircular canals to sense head rotations, but rather reflects spatial constra...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.010
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to the "nocturnal visual predation hypothesis" (NVPH), the convergent eyes and orbits of primates result from selection for improved stereoscopic depth perception to facilitate manual capture of prey at night. Within primates, haplorhines share additional derived orbital morphologies, including a postorbital...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.010
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent success in the amplification of ancient DNA (aDNA) from fossil humans has led to calls for further tests to be carried out on similar material. However, there has been little systematic research on the survival of DNA in the fossil record, even though the environment of the fossil is known to be of paramount im...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00106-4
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we present the first full anatomical description of the 3.67 million-year-old Australopithecus skull StW 573 that was recovered with its skeleton from the Sterkfontein Member 2 breccia in the Silberberg Grotto. Analysis demonstrates that it is most similar in multiple key morphological characters to a group of fo...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.06.005
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been thought that quadrupedal primates successfully occupy arboreal environments, in part, by relying on their grasping feet to control balance and propulsion, which frees their hands to test unstable branches and forage. If this interlimb decoupling of function is real, there should be discernible differe...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.09.004
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional wisdom concerning the extinction of Paranthropus suggests that these species developed highly derived morphologies as a consequence of specializing on a diet consisting of hard and/or low-quality food items. It goes on to suggest that these species were so specialized or stenotopic that they were unable t...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.004
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Western Cape region of South Africa is home to a unique type of mediterranean vegetation called fynbos, as well as some of the earliest sites of modern human occupation in southern Africa. Reconstructing the paleohabitats during occupations of these early anatomically modern Homo sapiens is important for understan...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.002
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central to the debate surrounding global climate change and Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution is the degree to which orbital-scale climate patterns influence low-latitude continental ecosystems and how these influences can be distinguished from regional volcano-tectonic events and local environmental effects. The Pli...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.05.015
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When and how humans began to control fire has been a central debate in Paleolithic archaeology for decades. Fire plays an important role in technology, social organization, subsistence, and manipulation of the environment and is widely seen as a necessary adaptation for the colonization of northern latitudes. Many res...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.04.004
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations into the evolution of the primate brain have tended to neglect the role of connectivity in determining which brain structures have changed in size, focusing instead on changes in the size of the whole brain or of individual brain structures, such as the neocortex, in isolation. We show that the primate ...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0047-2484(02)00162-8
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Africa's southern Cape is a key region for the evolution of our species, with early symbolic systems, marine faunal exploitation, and episodic production of microlithic stone tools taken as evidence for the appearance of distinctively complex human behavior. However, the temporally discontinuous nature of this evidenc...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Xujiayao site in the Nihewan Basin (North China) is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in East Asia. Twenty Homo fossils, which were previously assigned to an archaic Homo sapiens group, have been excavated along with more than 30,000 lithic artifacts and ∼5000 mammalian fossil specimens. Dating of the Xu...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.01.014
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of a decade of progress in ESR dating we have revised the ESR chronology of Border Cave. A detailed gamma ray survey in 1994 and newly calculated beta attenuation data led to total dose rate estimations that are between 0 and 30% smaller than previously estimated. Accordingly, the resulting ESR age estimates a...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.2001.0471
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of three interconnected auditory ossicles in the middle ear is a defining characteristic of mammals, and aspects of ossicle morphology are related to hearing sensitivity. However, analysis and comparison of ossicles are complicated by their minute size and complex three-dimensional shapes. Here we introdu...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.10.013
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Geological data from the Bura Hasuma region at Koobi Fora provide important constraints for estimating the ages of hominin fossils recovered there, including the cranium KNM-ER 1813. Strata of the upper Burgi, KBS, and Okote members in this part of Koobi Fora reflect three depositional regimes driven by changing paleo...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.007
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has improved considera...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relatively few remains of Late Pliocene hominids' knapping activities have been recovered to date, and these have seldom been studied in terms of manual dexterity and technical achievements. With regard to early hominid technological development, the evidence provided by the data from 2.34 Myr site of Lokalalei 2C (Ke...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.12.005
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the extent to which the major dimensions of the cranial base (maximum length, maximum breadth, and flexion) interact with brain volume to influence major proportions of the neurocranium and face. A model is presented for developmental interactions that occur during ontogeny between the brain and th...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/jhev.1999.0335
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the frequencies of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and, specifically, pitting enamel hypoplasia (PEH) defects in the teeth of Paranthropus robustus, for comparison with four other South African hominin species and three extant nonhuman primate species. Unlike LEH, the lesser known PEH is characterized by mult...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.002
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of the influence of dietary selection pressures in living and extinct primate taxa frequently interpret cranial diversity using a simple lever model. When this model is applied to functional or evolutionary questions, it is commonly assumed that the muscles of mastication vary little in activity during biting ...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.1997.0180
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptations indicative of habitual bipedalism are present in the earliest recognized hominins. However, debate persists about various aspects of bipedal locomotor behavior in fossil hominins, including the nature of gait kinematics, locomotor variability across different species, and the degree to which various austra...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.008
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vegetation and plant foods for hominins of lowermost Bed II, Olduvai Gorge were modeled by examining vegetation in modern habitats in northern Tanzania (Lake Manyara, Ngorongoro, Serengeti) that are analogous to the paleolandscape in terms of climate, land forms, and soil types, as indicated by previous paleoenvironme...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.03.002
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten years ago, evidence from genetics gave strong support to the "recent African origin" view of the evolution of modern humans, which posits that Homo sapiens arose as a new species in Africa and subsequently spread, leading to the extinction of other archaic human species. Subsequent data from the nuclear genome not...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.02.006
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systematic excavations, begun in 1987, at the Valdegoba cave site in northern Spain have yielded the remains of five individuals associated with a Middle Paleolithic stone tool technology and Pleistocene fauna. A fragmentary mandible of an adolescent (VB1), preserving nearly a full set of teeth, exhibits a symphyseal ...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jhev.2001.0486
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we examine the labial and occlusal surfaces of incisors and canines of hominins recovered from the Sima de los Huesos (SH), middle Pleistocene site, in order to establish the possible extra-masticatory use of anterior teeth. We have compared the microwear of these fossils with microwear from the anterior...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.007
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hominin habitats are frequently described as 'mosaic' based on interpretations of fossil assemblages comprising taxa with divergent functional adaptations (e.g., both grazers and browsers). This interpretation rests on an assumption that mammal functional diversity is positively associated with habitat heterogeneity. ...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102853
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feeding systems and behaviors must evolve to satisfy the metabolic needs of organisms. This includes modifications to feeding systems as body size and metabolic needs change. Using our own data and data from the literature, we examine how size-related changes in metabolic needs are met by size-related changes in daily...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.007
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence for the acquisition of nutritionally dense food resources by early Pleistocene hominins has implications for both hominin biology and behavior. Aquatic fauna may have comprised a source of highly nutritious resources to hominins in the Turkana Basin at ∼1.95 Ma. Here we employ multiple datasets to examine the...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of clavicular curvatures projected onto two perpendicular planes to decompose the three dimensional shape into cranial and dorsal primary curvatures has shown that two morphological groups of clavicle exist within the genus Homo. The first one includes all species from Homo habilis to Neandertals, while the...
journal_title：Journal of human evolution
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.06.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
