Abstract:
:Friedman and Förster (2010) reviewed an extensive program of research that was consistent with the view that positive affective states broaden, whereas negative affective states narrow, the scope of attention. We applaud their creative investigations into these important psychological questions and appreciate their thorough review. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that the conclusions drawn by Friedman and Förster need to be tempered, for the recent evidence suggests that motivational intensity rather than affective valence causes the modulations of attentional tuning. That is, affective states of low motivational intensity (e.g., sadness, postgoal positive affect) broaden attention, whereas affective states of high motivational intensity (e.g., disgust, pregoal positive affect) narrow attention. Our viewpoint is that attentional narrowing occurs during affective states of high motivational intensity to aid organisms in acquiring desirable objects and avoiding aversive ones. Attentional broadening occurs during affective states of low motivational intensity to open organisms to new opportunities.
journal_name
Psychol Bulljournal_title
Psychological bulletinauthors
Harmon-Jones E,Gable PA,Price TFdoi
10.1037/a0022744subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
508-12; discussion 513-6issue
3eissn
0033-2909issn
1939-1455pii
2011-08310-001journal_volume
137pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract::The traditional methodology for assessing moderator variables (hierarchical multiple regression analysis) is examined. Possible drawbacks of this technique for corroborating psychological theories (cf. Busemeyer & Jones, 1983), are illustrated empirically on the basis of an analysis of 400,000 subjects. This article t...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.385
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article contributes to the debate in the mental health and legal systems concerning involuntary commitments to mental hospitals. The focus is on issues involving the overrepresentation of Black people among adults committed to U.S. public mental institutions and issues involving the assessment of relevant behavio...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.171
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of child-, family-, and system-focused interventions have been designed to prevent or reduce the negative effects of divorce on children. This article critically evaluates these intervention efforts by examining (a) their relation to basic research on the processes proposed to mediate children's postdivorce a...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.434
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of deductive reasoning has been a major paradigm in psychology for approximately the past 40 years. Research has shown that people make many logical errors on such tasks and are strongly influenced by problem content and context. It is argued that this paradigm was developed in a context of logicist thinking...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.978
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis indicated that clinical depression was associated with several large alterations in cellular immunity. Analyzing only methodologically sound studies, reliable immune alterations included lowered proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens (effect size rs = .24-.45), lowered natural killer cell ac...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.472
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intelligence can have an extremely high heritability, but also be malleable; a paradox that has been the source of continuous controversy. Here we attempt to clarify the issue, and advance a frequently overlooked solution to the paradox: Intelligence is a trait with unusual properties that create a large reservoir of ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/bul0000131
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Violent video games are theorized to be a significant cause of aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Important evidence for this claim comes from a large meta-analysis by Anderson and colleagues (2010), who found effects of violent games in experimental, cross-sectional, and longitudinal research. In that meta...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000074
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::J. Weeden and J. Sabini's finding of small to no relation between traits rated as attractive in a mate and health of that mate might be interpreted as consistent with C. Darwin's (1859) proposal that these traits are arbitrary signs of beauty. However, such a conclusion would be premature. A combination of consistent ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.654
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deficit in theory of mind (ToM) abilities has been described as the core deficit in autism. The authors performed 3 meta-analyses, comparing ToM abilities of individuals with autism, individuals with mental retardation (MR), and normally developing individuals. Results indicated that individuals with autism and MR h...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.283
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their review of validity of the Implicit Association Test and affective priming, J. De Houwer, S. Teige-Mocigemba, A. Spruyt, and A. Moors identified validity with establishment of "basic theoretical understanding" of the measures. It is agreed that theoretical understanding has an important role in making measures...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0015047
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent burgeoning of theory and research on how children cope with painful medical stressors warrants close scrutiny. The authors examine the prominent typologies of coping and the research on child adjustment and outcomes stimulated by those typologies. They focus on what researchers know and need to know about m...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.328
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to describe a relatively new movement in the history and philosophy of science, naturalism, a form of pragmatism emphasizing that methodological principles are empirical statements. Thus, methodological principles must be evaluated and justified on the same basis as other empirical state...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.759
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::C. Gilligan's (1982) critique of L. Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning and her assertion that two modes of moral reasoning (justice and care) exist have been the subject of debate within the field of psychology for more than 15 years. This meta-analysis was conducted to review quantitatively the work on gender diffe...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.703
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serious sequelae of youth depression, plus recent concerns over medication safety, prompt growing interest in the effects of youth psychotherapy. In previous meta-analyses, effect sizes (ESs) have averaged .99, well above conventional standards for a large effect and well above mean ES for other conditions. The author...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.132
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reconceptualization of stigma is presented that changes the emphasis from the devaluation of an individual's identity to the process by which individuals who satisfy certain criteria come to be excluded from various kinds of social interactions. The authors propose that phenomena currently placed under the general r...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.187
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Not only do anxiety and depression diagnoses tend to co-occur, but their symptoms are highly correlated. Although a plethora of research has examined longitudinal associations between anxiety and depression, these data have not yet been effectively synthesized. To address this need, the current study undertook a syste...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/bul0000111
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auditory stream segregation (or streaming) is a phenomenon in which 2 or more repeating sounds differing in at least 1 acoustic attribute are perceived as 2 or more separate sound sources (i.e., streams). This article selectively reviews psychophysical and computational studies of streaming and comprehensively reviews...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.780
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors comment on B. Gawronski and G. V. Bodenhausen's (2006) associative-propositional evaluation model of implicit and explicit attitudes by examining the claims that (a) truth value is attached to propositions but not to associations; (b) pattern activation is qualitatively different from syllogistic structure...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.736
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are both monotonic and rhythmic factors in the patterns of change seen in physiological, psychological, and performance variables during sleep deprivation. These monotonic and rhythmic factors can be orthogonal, or they may interact with each other, with various task variables, or both. The importance of separat...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.411
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interpersonal conflict is considered within various frameworks of adolescent development. Conflict, defined as behavioral opposition, is distinguished from related constructs. Differences between adolescent relationships and across age groups are reviewed in the incidence and intensity, resolution, and outcome of conf...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.197
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since their formulation by the Gestalt movement more than a century ago, the principles of perceptual grouping have primarily been investigated in the visual modality and, to a lesser extent, in the auditory modality. The present review addresses the question of whether the same grouping principles also affect the per...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0022335
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies obtaining implicit measures of associations in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Axis I psychopathology are organized into three categories: (a) studies comparing groups having a disorder with controls, (b) experimental validi...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0021729
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain binds inputs from multiple senses to enhance our ability to identify key events in the environment. Understanding this process is based mainly on data from the major senses (vision and audition), yet compelling examples of binding occur in other domains. When we eat, in fact taste, smell, and touch combine t...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0033473
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When researchers use the term mind wandering for task-unrelated thoughts in signal detection tasks, we may fall into the trap of believing that spontaneous thoughts are task unrelated in a deeper sense. Similar negative connotations are attached to common terms like cognitive failures, resting state, rumination, distr...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0018726
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::People perceive and conceive of activity in terms of discrete events. Here the authors propose a theory according to which the perception of boundaries between events arises from ongoing perceptual processing and regulates attention and memory. Perceptual systems continuously make predictions about what will happen ne...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.273
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This meta-analysis examined over 40 years of research on interracial interactions by exploring 4 types of outcomes: explicit attitudes toward interaction partners, participants' self-reports of their own emotional state, nonverbal or observed behavior, and objective measures of performance. Data were collected from 10...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/a0025767
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 4 decades of research and 9 meta-analyses have focused on the undermining effect: namely, the debate over whether the provision of extrinsic incentives erodes intrinsic motivation. This review and meta-analysis builds on such previous reviews by focusing on the interrelationship among intrinsic motivation, e...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/a0035661
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory processing of action effects has been shown to differ from that of externally triggered stimuli, with respect both to the perceived timing of their occurrence (intentional binding) and to their intensity (sensory attenuation). These phenomena are normally attributed to forward action models, such that when act...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0028566
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unprecedented numbers of children experience parental incarceration worldwide. Families and children of prisoners can experience multiple difficulties after parental incarceration, including traumatic separation, loneliness, stigma, confused explanations to children, unstable childcare arrangements, strained parenting...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1037/a0026407
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the research literature on sexual fantasy, a central aspect of human sexual behavior. Topics include (a) gender similarities and differences in the incidence, frequency, and content of sexual fantasies and how they relate to sociocultural and sociobiological theories of sexual behavior; (b) the as...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00