Whether ideal free or not, predatory mites distribute so as to maximize reproduction.

abstract：:More than 500 species of the Poaceae are found in Kenya, East Africa. Eighteen of twenty-seven tribes are exclusively (except the Paniceae and Danthonieae) of the C3 photosynthetic type. A floristic analysis of low altitude grasslands suggests that nearly all species at these low altitudes are of the C4 photosynthetic...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Tieszen LL,Senyimba MM,Imbamba SK,Troughton JH

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the relative ability of multiple factors to explain variation in two interrelated life-history traits, interclutch interval and annual reproductive success, in feral pigeons. Seasonal influences, brood size, and female body mass and tarsus length explained significant amounts of variation in interclutch in...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Johnson SG,Johnston RF

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short-term effects of environmental perturbations on various life history traits are reasonably well documented in birds and mammals. But, in the present context of global climate change, there is a need to consider potential long-term effects of natal conditions to better understand and predict the consequences of th...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nevoux M,Weimerskirch H,Barbraud C

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Juvenile habitat use and early life migratory behaviors of successfully recruited adult fish provide unique insight into critical habitats for a population, and this information allows restoration plans to be tailored to maximize benefits. Retrospective analysis of adult otolith chemistry combined with fish-otolith gr...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Turner SM,Limburg KE

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many animals have seasonally plastic diets to take advantage of seasonally abundant plant resources, such as fruit or nectar. Switches from insectivorous diets that are protein rich to fruits or nectar that are carbohydrate rich present physiological challenges, but are routinely done by insectivorous songbirds during...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Frick WF,Shipley JR,Kelly JF,Heady PA 3rd,Kay KM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the water-soluble thiol (SH) content and the osmolality of the cell sap in spruce trees of both low- and high-altitude origin that were transplanted to two test areas at different altitudes (400 m and 1700 m). There was little or no significant difference in SH content and osmotic value between trees of ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grill D,Pfeifhofer H,Tschulik A,Hellig K,Holzer K

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of stable isotopes to infer diet requires quantifying the relationship between diet and tissues and, in particular, knowing of how quickly isotopes turnover in different tissues and how isotopic concentrations of different food components change (discriminate) when incorporated into consumer tissues. We used f...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pearson SF,Levey DJ,Greenberg CH,Martínez Del Rio C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prey subsidies originating from detritus add nutrients and energy to arboreal communities. Measurement of this subsidy is required in the understanding of how food web dynamics respond to changes in surrounding environments. Shrub spiders are one of the key predators involved in food web coupling. We evaluate the effe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Haraguchi TF,Uchida M,Shibata Y,Tayasu I

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Populations of dioecious plant species often exhibit biased sex ratios. Such biases may arise as a result of sex-based differences in life history traits, or as a result of spatial segregation of the sexes. Of these, sex-based differentiation in life history traits is likely to be the most common cause of bias. In dio...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nicotra AB

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During summer, 1971, a massive outbreak of red tide resulted in defaunation of a previously characterized sandy, intertidal habitat in upper Old Tampa Bay, Tampa, Florida. Repopulation of the polychaete fauna was studied from August, 1971, to July, 1973. A transect composed of 4 stations running from just below mean h...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Dauer DM,Simon JL

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eggs of the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola are often heavily attacked by the chalcidoid wasp Oomyzus gallerucae. We studied the chemical signals mediating interactions between the egg parasitoid, its host, and the plant Ulmus campestris. Olfactometer bioassays with O. gallerucae showed that volatiles of the ho...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Meiners T,Hilker M

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, ecologists have been more interested in organisms feeding at the tops of food chains than in organisms feeding at or near the bottom. The problem of taxonomic and trophic inconsistency within and among described food webs is central to criticisms of contemporary food web research. To study the effects of...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Sugihara G,Bersier LF,Schoenly K

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new technique based upon the dilution of C 14 /C 12 ratios in structural carbon of root systems during the course of the growing season was used to evaluate belowground turnover or productivity of two cool desert communities in northern Utah, USA. This technique provides a measure of turnover of the root system of e...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Caldwell MM,Camp LB

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous bleeding of sugar-rich sap from cambial-deep incisions in the bark of trunks was demonstrated for Eucalyptus globulus and other eucalypts across a range of localities and seasonal conditions in south-west Australia. High levels of sucrose and raffinose (up to 31% w/v total sugars) were present in the exuda...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pate J,Shedley E,Arthur D,Adams M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) have re-engineered Great Lakes ecosystems since their introduction in the late 1980s. Dreissenids can have major indirect impacts on profundal habitats by redirecting nutrients and energy away from pelagic production (which supplies profundal production) and de...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rennie MD,Sprules WG,Johnson TB

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naïveté can occur within any novel antagonistic interaction, and competitive forces play a fundamental role in shaping community structure, yet competitive naïveté has received very little attention in the literature to date. Naïveté towards a novel competitor is unlikely to result in immediate mortality, but could po...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Heavener SJ,Carthey AJ,Banks PB

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of time of the day and frequency of application and of purity of artificially deposited pollen loads on fruiting and seed set were studied in Rhinanthus angustifolius (diurnally visited by bumblebees) and Viscaria vulgaris (diurnally visited by bumblebees, nocturnally by sphingid moths).Time of the day did...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kwak MM,Jennersten O

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some plant secondary compounds, such as terpenes, are very flammable; however, their role in enhancing plant flammability is poorly understood and often neglected in reviews on plant chemical ecology. This is relevant as there is growing evidence that flammability-enhancing traits are adaptive in fire-prone ecosystems...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pausas JG,Alessio GA,Moreira B,Segarra-Moragues JG

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies relating reproduction to food availability are usually restricted to food quantity, but ignore food quality and the effects of habitat structure on obtaining the food. This is particularly true for insectivorous birds. In this study we relate measures of reproductive success, time of reproduction and nestling ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Brodmann PA,Reyer HU,Bollmann K,Schläpfer AR,Rauter C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discussions on scaling issues in ecology have emphasized that processes acting at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales influence ecosystems and thus there is no appropriate single scale at which ecological processes should be studied. This may be particularly true for environmental disturbances (e.g. El ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Edwards MS

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasticity of plant traits is commonly quantified by comparing different phenotypes at the same age. In this paper, we present a method in which the effect of resource conditions on plant weight is used as a basis for quantifying the plasticity of individual plant traits. Abutilon theophrasti individuals were grown in...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rice SA,Bazzaz FA

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At least once a year the mountain pine beetle searches for lodgepole pines that provide a suitable habitat for a new brood. After attacking females feed, they produce an attractant pheromone that causes beetles to aggregate and, during outbreaks, to usually mass attack the "focus" tree. Near the completion of mass att...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Geiszler DR,Gallucci VF,Gara RI

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In abandoned or extensively managed grasslands, the mechanisms involved in pioneer tree species success are not fully explained. Resource competition among plants and microclimate modifications have been emphasised as possible mechanisms to explain variation of survivorship and growth. In this study, we evaluated a nu...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Picon-Cochard C,Coll L,Balandier P

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant invasions can have substantial consequences for the soil ecosystem, altering microbial community structure and nutrient cycling. However, relatively little is known about what drives these changes, making it difficult to predict the effects of future invasions. In addition, because most studies compare soils fro...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Elgersma KJ,Ehrenfeld JG,Yu S,Vor T

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for the ecological success of land plants, providing their hosts with nutrients in exchange for organic C. However, not all plants are mycorrhizal, especially ferns, of which about one-third of the species lack this symbiosis. Because the mycorrhizal status is evolutionarily ancestral, th...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kessler M,Güdel R,Salazar L,Homeier J,Kluge J

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have been releasing economically unimportant herbivorous mites of one species early in the season and protecting grapevines against another, more damaging herbivorous mite throughout the growing season. In this experiment, releases of economically unimportant Willamette mites alone, or of predatory mites alone, fai...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Karban R,Hougen-Eitzmann D,English-Loeb G

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared to terrestrial environments, grazing intensity on belowground plant parts may be particularly strong in aquatic environments, which may have great effects on plant-community structure. We observed that the submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton pectinatus, which mainly reproduces with tubers, often grows at interm...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Sandsten H,Klaassen M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dependence of leaf water potential (Ψ), osmotic potential (π) and turgor pressure (P) on relative water content (RWC) was determined for leaves of tall and short growth forms of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. from a site on Canary Creek marsh in Lewes, Delaware. Tall plants (ca. 1.5 m) occured along a drainage ditc...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Drake BG,Gallagher JL

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjustment of hydraulic architecture in response to environmental conditions was studied in two warm-desert sub-shrubs, Hymenoclea salsola and Ambrosia dumosa, both at the level of genetic adaptation along a climatic gradient and plastic response to immediate growth conditions. Individuals of both species originating ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Comstock JP

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal foraging theory is based on the assumption that at least some aspects of foraging behavior are genetically determined (Pyke et al. 1977; Kamil and Sargent 1980; Pyke 1984). Nonetheless, very few studies have examined the role of genetics in foraging behavior. Here, we report on geographical differences in the ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hedrick AV,Riechert SE

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00