Abstract:
:Compared to terrestrial environments, grazing intensity on belowground plant parts may be particularly strong in aquatic environments, which may have great effects on plant-community structure. We observed that the submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton pectinatus, which mainly reproduces with tubers, often grows at intermediate water depth and that P. perfoliatus, which mainly reproduces with rhizomes and turions, grows in either shallow or deep water. One mechanism behind this distributional pattern may be that swans prefer to feed on P. pectinatus tubers at intermediate water depths. We hypothesised that when swans feed on tubers in the sediment, P. perfoliatus rhizomes and turions may be damaged by the uprooting, whereas the small round tubers of P. pectinatus that escaped herbivory may be more tolerant to this bioturbation. In spring 2000, we transplanted P. perfoliatus rhizomes into a P. pectinatus stand and followed growth in plots protected and unprotected, respectively, from bird foraging. Although swan foraging reduced tuber biomass in unprotected plots, leading to lower P. pectinatus density in spring 2001, this species grew well both in protected and unprotected plots later that summer. In contrast, swan grazing had a dramatic negative effect on P. perfoliatus that persisted throughout the summer of 2001, with close to no plants in the unprotected plots and high densities in the protected plots. Our results demonstrate that herbivorous waterbirds may play a crucial role in the distribution and prevalence of specific plant species. Furthermore, since their grazing benefitted their preferred food source, the interaction between swans and P. pectinatus may be classified as ecologically mutualistic.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Sandsten H,Klaassen Mdoi
10.1007/s00442-008-1010-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
569-76issue
3eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939journal_volume
156pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::Long-termed fumigation of pea seedlings with SO2 caused typical alterations of the concentration of free glutamate and glutamine as well as fluctuations of the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase. Shortly after the beginning of the fumigation with low concentrations of SO2 (up to 0,3 ppm) the ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345878
更新日期:1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigated the relationship between food availability, feeding ecology and territoriality in a population of Cactus Finches, Geospiza scandens, on Isla Daphne Major, Galápagos, between 1979 and 1981.We monitored the phenologies of the principal food types on the island and related them to changes in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384545
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used Y-plant, a computer-based model of crown architecture, to examine the implications of leaf reorientation resulting from petiole bending in Psychotria limonensis (Rubiaceae) seedlings. During this reorientation process, bending of the petioles of lower leaves that are potentially self-shaded by the upper leaves...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1158-3
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity in life history strategies can be advantageous for species that occupy spatially or temporally variable environments. We examined how phenotypic plasticity influences responses of the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, to disturbance events at the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (SMNWR), FL, USA from...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3810-y
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex Schultes (cabbage palm) is an arborescent palm common in many plant communities throughout Florida, U.S.A., and the Caribbean. Although its seedlings grow very slowly in forest understories, they survive damage and defoliation well, and the species may increase in dominance following di...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050681
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carotenoid composition of 33 species of green algal lichens and 5 species of blue-green algal lichens was examined and compared with that of the leaves of higher plants. As in higher plants, green algal lichen species which were found in both shade and full sunlight exhibited higher levels of the carotenoids invol...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00566975
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergence and survival of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var.glandulosa Torr.) seedlings was quantified on sites with contrasting grazing histories: long-term continuous grazing (LTG) and long-term protection (LTP) from grazing by cattle. On each site, different levels of heroaceous defoliation were imposed at mo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00789926
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations with dispersive larvae are often demographically open such that local reproduction and subsequent larval settlement are not linked. Thus, understanding whether and how settlement patterns are established and subsequently modified is central to understanding local demography. Settlement is typically not mea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-001-0860-x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the effects of defoliation by a graminivorous grasshopper on the foliage quality of the C3 plant, western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb] A. Love). Additionally, we determined the effects of this defoliation upon the subsequent feeding of the graminivorous grasshopper Phoetaliotes nebrascensis Thom...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317133
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Difficulties in using genetic markers to demonstrate that changes in gene frequency cause fluctuations in the density of animal populations are illustrated. The frequency of chicks with light-coloured down increased during 4 years when population density of red grouse declined and the inherent level of aggressive beha...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379422
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simulation program on the germination of winter annuals is written in such a way that the influence of changing environmental conditions on germination characteristics such as the time of germination, the percentage of germination and the distribution function of germination is described as well as possible in accor...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01039793
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neotropical shrub Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. (Rubiaceae) has protandrous two-day flowers. Synchronous development among flowers on a single individual results in sequential phenotypic unisexuality: the entire plant alternates gender from day to day. Pistillate flowers produce more nectar than staminate flowers ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384790
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anuran amphibians have traditionally been considered suitable model organisms for community ecology studies. In this paper, we review and quantitatively re-analyze the original studies published on dietary relationships among anuran communities worldwide. We re-analyzed 33 independent communities from all continents, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2204-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant species and functionally related species groups from arid and semi-arid habitats vary in their capacity to take up summer precipitation, acquire nitrogen quickly after summer precipitation, and subsequently respond with ecophysiological changes (e.g. water and nitrogen relations, gas exchange). For species that ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1403-4
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper considers a model of competition, based upon the Lotka-Volterra equations, which explicitly considers the effect of density independent mortality upon the outcome of competition. The model's possible application to wild Drosophila species in Europe are considered. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345527
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thor...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317391
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trap-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera Aculeata) colonizing crop and fallow fields in an agricultural landscape were studied using 20 sown fields (pea, barley, rye, clover-grass mixtures, Phacelia tanacetifolia) and 20 fields with naturally developed vegetation (1- and 2-year old fields, both mown and unmown, and ol...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00326084
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of population dynamics of long-lived species have generally focused on adult survival because population growth should be most sensitive to this parameter. However, actual variations in population size can often be driven by other demographic parameters, such as juvenile survival, when they show high temporal ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2613-z
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivory can reduce plant fitness, and its effects can be increased by competition. Though numerous studies have examined the joint effects of herbivores and competitors on plant performance, these interactive effects are seldom considered in the context of plant invasions. Here, we examined variation in plant perfor...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2328-6
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mating durations of copepods were found to differ significantly between fishless high-altitude waters and lowland lakes containing fish. In lowland species the whole mating process was completed within a few minutes, but it averaged over an hour in high-altitude species. Alpine copepods showed a prolonged post-copulat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0768-1
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf diffusion resistance (r 1) of the upper and lower leaf surfaces of several Populus clones was related to leaf water potential (ψ1), light intensity, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and temperature by intrinsicallylinear, logarithmic multiple regression analyses. Regression equations accounted for up to 80% of varia...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345333
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The uptake of heavy metals via the alimentary tract can be an important factor for the metal budget of fish. 2. Concepts such as biomagnification, bioaccumulation, biotransference, or concentration factors, convey little information about the real threat originating from heavy metals in an aquatic food chain. 3. In...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376982
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Across latitudinal clines, the juvenile developmental rates of ectotherms often covary with the length of the growing season, due to life-history trade-offs imposed by the time-constrained environments. However, as the start of the growing season often varies substantially across years, adaptive parental effects on ju...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04642-8
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pteromalus puparum is a gregarious parasitoid of many butterfly pupae. Adult size, mortality, and sex ratio of P. puparum, as a parasitoid of Papilio xuthus, were unit weight of the host. Effects of female size on fecundity, wing load, and longevity were also examined.The highest total weight of progeny from the host ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379463
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth and respiration were measured in a species of Anonchus (Nematoda: Plectidae) at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C. At 5°C no growth was measurable but the organisms remained active. Maximum production occurred at 15°C, but the highest rate of growth occurred at 20°C. Thus, adult size attained is dependent on the t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377437
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macoma balthica (L.) is a common clam of the estuarine seafloor, belonging to an important group of invertebrates possessing the capacity to choose between the two fundamental modes of feeding available, using its siphon to inhale either suspended food particles from the water or food particles deposited on the sedime...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00316954
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review I offer a solution to the problem why endotherm populations appear to be so inefficient in converting food energy into body substance despite the fact that individual endotherms are just as 'efficient' in this respect as individual ectotherms. Calculated for individuals of half the adult mass both ectot...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379341
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As primary producers, plants are known to influence higher trophic interactions by initiating food chains. However, as architects, plants may bypass consumers to directly affect predators with important but underappreciated trophic ramifications. Invasion of western North American grasslands by the perennial forb, spo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1241-5
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We document activity field temperatures, daily activity patterns, and extent of thermoregulation in four species of Liolaemus lizards inhabiting at high altitude (above 3500 m) in the Andes of northern Chile. These four species have similar activity field temperature (Tb near 29°C) despite their being distributed at d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377003
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally it has been thought that most boreal forest communities lack a significant input of biologically fixed nitrogen. Recent discoveries of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria associated with mosses have resulted in a re-evaluation of this view. While it is recognized that rates of nitrogen fixation in mosses ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1391-0
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00