Effects of taxonomic and trophic aggregation on food web properties.

abstract：:Ideal free distribution (IFD) models predict that animals distribute themselves such that no individual can increase its fitness by moving to another patch. Many empirical tests assume that the interference among animals is independent of density and do not quantify the effects of density on fitness traits. Using two ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： van der Hammen T,Montserrat M,Sabelis MW,de Roos AM,Janssen A

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characterizing the causes of spatial and temporal variation in parasite-induced mortality under natural conditions is crucial to better understanding the factors driving host population dynamics. Our goal was to quantify this variation in the amphipod Paracalliope novizealandiae, a second intermediate host of the trem...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bates AE,Poulin R,Lamare MD

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conspecific attraction is the preferential settlement into habitat patches with conspecifics. To be a good proximate strategy, fitness gains from settling with conspecifics must outweigh the costs of higher conspecific densities, such as intraspecific competition. Two types of benefits have been proposed to explain co...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Donahue MJ

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change models predict that the range of the world's smallest tortoise, Homopus signatus signatus, will aridify and contract in the next decades. To evaluate the effects of annual variation in rainfall on the growth of H. s. signatus, we recorded annual growth rates of wild individuals from spring 2000 to sprin...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Loehr VJ,Hofmeyr MD,Henen BT

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to the plant vigour hypothesis, galling insects should respond positively and perform better on vigorous plants or plant parts, the opposite of the predictions of the plant stress hypothesis. I carried out field experiments to analyse the effects of sustained abiotic stress on the interactions between the co...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： De Bruyn L

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic carbon-rich sediments from the surface of fresh, intermediate, brackish and salt marshes of coastal Louisiana were sampled and analyzed for their 13C content. The average ∂13C from all sites within each wetland type was-27.8‰,-22.1‰,-16.9‰, and-16.2‰, for fresh, intermediate, brackish and salt marshes, respect...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Chmura GL,Aharon P,Socki RA,Abernethy R

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interspecific interactions can vary within and among populations and geographic locations. This variation can subsequently influence the evolution and coevolution of species interactions. We investigated population and geographic variation in traits important to pollinating seed-consuming interactions between the seni...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Holland JN,Fleming TH

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological relationships change with overall body size and body size often varies among populations. Therefore, quantitative analyses of individual traits from organisms in different populations or environments (e.g., in studies of phenotypic plasticity) often adjust for differences in body size to isolate changes ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： McCoy MW,Bolker BM,Osenberg CW,Miner BG,Vonesh JR

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In ant-plant symbioses, the behavior of ant inhabitants affects the nature of the interaction, ranging from mutualism to parasitism. Mutualistic species confer a benefit to the plant, while parasites reap the benefits of the interaction without reciprocating, potentially resulting in a negative impact on the host plan...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Tillberg CV

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional diversity has been identified as a key to understanding ecosystem and community functioning. However, due to the lack of a sound definition its nature and measurement are still poorly understood. In the same way that species diversity can be split into species richness and species evenness, so functional di...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Mouillot D,Mason WH,Dumay O,Wilson JB

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dormancy is a common way in which organisms survive environmental conditions that would be lethal to the active individual. However, while dormant, individuals forego reproduction. Hence theory suggests an optimal time in which to enter dormancy, depending on risks associated with both remaining active and entering do...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Cáceres CE,Tessier AJ

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While trying to achieve their nutritional requirements, foraging herbivores face the costs of plant defenses, such as toxins. Teasing apart the costs and benefits of various chemical constituents in plants is difficult because their chemical defenses and nutrient concentrations often co-vary. We used an approach deriv...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bedoya-Pérez MA,Issa DD,Banks PB,McArthur C

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diurnal course of the xylem water flow in a solitary Salix fragilis L. tree in a wet grassland was measured using the tissue heat-balance method. There was considerable variation due to meteorological factors. Maximum flow rate was 0.4 kg h-1 m-2 of crown projection area, or 5.9 kg h-1 kg-1 leaf dry weight. The da...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Čermák J,Jeník J,Kučera J,Žídek V

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. It was clarified, by means of breeding experiments conducted within a temperature range of 14-34°C, if the growth of Pieris influenced by diurnally fluctuating temperatures depends on a simple additive influence of day-and-night-temperatures or if its growth is accelerated or retarded under these conditions by spec...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Neumann D,Heimbach F

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The logistic equation has been used as the basis of two distinct models of population dynamics, a resource limited model and an equilibrium model. It is argued that although the two models are very different, the distinction between them has been obscured by the use of the same terminology for the parameters of both. ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pollard E

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue) is a perennial caespitose grass, common in semi-arid rangelands of the Intermountain West. To determine how individuals are recruited into a population, we studied two long-term monitoring plots that were established in 1937 at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in southeaste...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Liston A,Wilson BL,Robinson WA,Doescher PS,Harris NR,Svejcar T

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prescribed burning is a major control over element cycles in Tallgrass prairie (Eastern Kansas, USA). In this paper we report potential effects of fire on nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Fire resulted in additions of available P in ash, which may stimulate nitrogen fixation by terrestrial cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Eisele KA,Schimel DS,Kapustka LA,Parton WJ

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive species are capable of altering ecosystems through the consumption of basal resources. However, quantifying the effects of invasive species in large ecosystems is challenging. Measuring changes in basal resources (i.e., phytoplankton) at an ecosystem scale is an important and potentially translatable response...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Tumolo BB,Flinn MB

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-to-five-year population oscillations of northern small rodents are usually synchronous over hundreds of square kilometers. This regional synchrony could be due to similarity in climatic factors, or due to nomadic predators reducing the patches of high prey density close to the average density of a larger area. W...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Norrdahl K,Korpimäki E

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Desert populations of the evergreen dioecious shrub Simmondsia chinensis exhibit sex-related leaf and canopy dimorphisms not present in populations from more mesic coastal environments. Leaves on female shrubs have characteristically larger sizes, greater specific weights, and greater water-holding capacity than male ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Wallace CS,Rundel PW

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fine root extractions from soil cores of a south facing slope in the Southern Californian chaparral were used to study the dynamics of feeder root growth in a summer-dry area. The studies were concentrated on the root systems of Adenostoma fasciculatum, Arctostaphylos glauca, Ceanothus greggii, and Rhus ovata. The tot...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kummerow J,Krause D,Jow W

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blue oak (Quercus douglasii) is a deciduous tree species endemic to California that currently exhibits poor seedling survival to sapling age classes. We used common garden techniques to examine how genetic variation at regional and local scales affected phenotypic expression in traits affecting oak seedling growth and...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rice KJ,Gordon DR,Hardison JL,Welker JM

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epiphytic orchid, Dimerandra emarginata, occurs in habitats characterized by high light intensities and very variable water supply. Long-term observations of the water status indicate that this species experienced at least moderate water stress over most of the year. Well-watered, it showed high rates of net CO2 u...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Zotz G,Tyree MT

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An adaptive explanation for environmental sex determination is that it promotes sexual size dimorphism when larger size benefits one sex more than the other. That is, if growth rates are determined by environment during development, then it is beneficial to match developmental environment to the sex that benefits more...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： St Clair RC

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most hypotheses attempting to explain the evolution of reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) assume that size-related differences in foraging ability are of prime importance, but the studies on sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour remain scarce. We compare the foraging behaviour of males and females in a seabird ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Weimerskirch H,Le Corre M,Ropert-Coudert Y,Kato A,Marsac F

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genotypes of the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata vary in their degree of specialization toward different nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plants of lineages "Ib" and "II" are specialized for mutualism with a limited group of bacterial genotypes. Lineage "Ia" plants are symbiotic generalists, interacting with all bacteri...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Wilkinson HH,Parker MA

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, community ecology has emphasized the multi-facetted aspects of biological diversity by linking species traits and the environment. Here, we explored environmental correlates of taxonomically-based and traits-based compositional distances using a comprehensive data set of diatom and macroinvertebrate communit...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Perez Rocha M,Bini LM,Grönroos M,Hjort J,Lindholm M,Karjalainen SM,Tolonen KE,Heino J

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Aspects of colonization by freshwater invertebrates on artificial substrata (macrophyte models) placed in the benthos of a eutrophic lake were studied. 2. Colonization was rapid, with equilibrium occuring at about 35 days. The colonization rate curve decreased with time but extinction rate remained constant. 3. Pre...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Mason CF

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A climate room is described for precise regulation of temperature and humidity. Humidity is regulated by regulation of the dew-point temperature of the air. The ranges for both dew-point and air temperature are from 2°C to 45°C. The precision of regulation for the temperature is ±0.05°C, for the dew-point temperature ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bruin MK,Brandt DC,Körner FJ

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trophic cascades have become a dominant paradigm in ecology, yet considerable debate remains about the relative strength of density- (consumptive) and trait-mediated (non-consumptive) effects in trophic cascades. This debate may, in part, be resolved by considering prey experience, which shapes prey traits (through ge...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Wood ZT,Fryxell DC,Moffett ER,Kinnison MT,Simon KS,Palkovacs EP

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00