Neural stimulations regulate the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS.

Abstract:

:The systemic regulation of immune reactions by the nervous system is well studied and depends on the release of hormones. Some regional regulations of immune reactions, on the other hand, depend on specific neural pathways. Better understanding of these regulations will expand therapeutic applications for neuroimmune and organ-to-organ functional interactions. Here, we discuss one regional neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex, which converts specific neural inputs into local inflammatory outputs in the CNS. Neurotransmitters released by the inputs stimulate specific blood vessels to express chemokines, which serve as a gateway for immune cells to extravasate into the target organ such as the brain or spinal cord. Several types of gateway reflexes have been reported, and each controls distinct CNS blood vessels to form gateways that elicit local inflammation, particularly in the presence of autoreactive immune cells. For example, neural stimulation by gravity creates the initial entry point to the CNS by CNS-reactive pathogenic CD4+ T cells at the dorsal vessels of fifth lumbar spinal cord, while pain opens the gateway at the ventral side of blood vessels in the spinal cord. In addition, it was recently found that local inflammation by the gateway reflex in the brain triggers the activation of otherwise resting neural circuits to dysregulate organ functions in the periphery including the upper gastrointestinal tract and heart. Therefore, the gateway reflex represents a novel bidirectional neuroimmune interaction that regulates organ functions and could be a promising target for bioelectric medicine.

journal_name

J Intern Med

authors

Kamimura D,Murakami M

doi

10.1111/joim.12912

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-09-01 00:00:00

pages

259-267

issue

3

eissn

0954-6820

issn

1365-2796

journal_volume

286

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • High rate of nonspecific anti-hepatitis C reactivity amongst homosexual men in comparison with that found in other sexually active groups and blood donors. Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the concordance of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) reactivity by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-2) and by a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA) in homosexual men, in comparison with that found in other sexually active groups and blood donors. DESIGN:Prospective s...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01122.x

    authors: Andreu J,Abad MA,Sanchez-Quijano A,Torronteras R,Luque F,Garcia de las Heras J,Soto B,Pineda JA,Leal M,Lissen E

    更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00

  • Unique patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Evidence for presence of a defect in a gene that is not identical to sterol 27-hydroxylase.

    abstract::Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder believed to be exclusively caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene coding for the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. Common findings in CTX are tendon xanthomas, cataracts and progressive neurological dysfunction. Here, we characterize an adult fem...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01782.x

    authors: Hansson M,Olin M,Floren CH,von Bahr S,van't Hooft F,Meaney S,Eggertsen G,Björkhem I

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of diet intervention on long-term mortality in healthy middle-aged men with combined hyperlipidaemia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to study the effect of a 5-year diet intervention on 24-year mortality in middle aged men with combined hyperlipidaemia. SETTING:We studied 104 initially healthy men (in 1972) aged 40-49 years with baseline values of total serum cholesterol >6.45 mmol L-1 and fasting triglycerides >2.55 mmol L-1...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1046/j.0954-6820.2003.01248.x

    authors: Hjerkinn EM,Sandvik L,Hjermann I,Arnesen H

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of potassium in postural hypotension: electrolytes and neurohumoral factors in elderly hypertensive patients using diuretics.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the association between postural hypotension and (i) electrolyte levels and (ii) neurohumoral factors in elderly hypertensive patients using diuretics. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study of patients and controls. SETTING:The subjects were gathered from senior citizen clubs or they were referred to the st...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb01189.x

    authors: Luutonen S,Neuvonen P,Ruskoaho H,Räihä I,Rajala T,Antila K,Sourander L

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Electrocardiographic and troponin T changes in acute ischaemic stroke.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms explaining morphological electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and increased troponin T (TnT) in acute stroke are unclear. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of ECG and TnT changes in acute ischaemic stroke, to investigate whether ischaemic-like ECG changes correlate to a ri...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01639.x

    authors: Fure B,Bruun Wyller T,Thommessen B

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Associations between interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene variations or IL-1 receptor antagonist levels and the development of type 2 diabetes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a predictor for clinically incident diabetes in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and whether its predictive power is independent of C-reactive protein (CRP), an established marker of inflammation. We further examined whether genetic vari...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02294.x

    authors: Luotola K,Pietilä A,Zeller T,Moilanen L,Kähönen M,Nieminen MS,Kesäniemi YA,Blankenberg S,Jula A,Perola M,Salomaa V,Health 2000 and FINRISK97 Studies.

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • The occurrence of malignant disease in adult nephrotic syndrome.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of malignant disease (MD) in adult patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Eighty-eight consecutive patients (38 females; 50 males; mean age 47 years; range 15-86) seen in a renal clinic in a 13-year period with NS were studied. Eight of the patients had or de...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01380.x

    authors: Lund L,Jacobsen BA,Schmidt EB

    更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • Interleukin-1 type 1 receptor/Toll-like receptor signalling in epilepsy: the importance of IL-1beta and high-mobility group box 1.

    abstract::Inflammatory processes in brain tissue have been described in human epilepsy of various aetiologies and in experimental models of seizures. This, together with the anticonvulsant properties of anti-inflammatory therapies both in clinical and in experimental settings, highlights the important role of brain inflammation...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02431.x

    authors: Maroso M,Balosso S,Ravizza T,Liu J,Bianchi ME,Vezzani A

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • Tobacco use, cancer causation and public health impact.

    abstract::This review describes global patterns of tobacco use and the mechanisms by which tobacco use is involved in carcinogenesis. A second part will discuss the association between tobacco use and risk of specific cancer types. Tobacco use has traditionally been a practice of high-income countries, but it has recently been ...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00993.x

    authors: Kuper H,Adami HO,Boffetta P

    更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00

  • Periodontal disease is associated with carotid plaque area: the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS).

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Periodontal disease is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but it is unknown if periodontal disease severity is associated with asymptomatic carotid plaque. The aim of the current population-based, observational study was to investigate if signs of periodontal disease are associated with the occurre...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/joim.12998

    authors: Jönsson D,Orho-Melander M,Demmer RT,Engström G,Melander O,Klinge B,Nilsson PM

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Dental infections in association with cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged men.

    abstract::The association between dental infections and cerebral infarction was investigated in a case-control study involving 40 patients with ischaemic cerebral infarction under the age of 50, and 40 randomly selected community controls matched for sex and age. Poor oral health, as assessed by two indices measuring the severi...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb00060.x

    authors: Syrjänen J,Peltola J,Valtonen V,Iivanainen M,Kaste M,Huttunen JK

    更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Intra-abdominal abscess in a patient with tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome.

    abstract::Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by periodic attacks of fever and inflammation, due to mutations in the gene coding for the TNF type I receptor (TNFRSF1A). A 16-year-old patient with the diagnosis of TRAPS was admitted to hospital ...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01601.x

    authors: Stjernberg-Salmela S,Kivisaari A,Puolakkainen P,Färkkilä M,Kemppainen E,Ranki A,Pettersson T

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Plasma ionized calcium and cardiovascular risk factors in mild primary hyperparathyroidism: effects of long-term treatment with active vitamin D (alphacalcidol).

    abstract::Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) has been associated with hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperuricaemia. In the present study, plasma ionized calcium (Ca2+) was studied in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in 20 subjects with mild hypertension. Plasma Ca2+ was found to be negatively ...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00955.x

    authors: Lind L,Wengle B,Lithell H,Ljunghall S

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • Novel gene mutations at the low density lipoprotein receptor locus: FH-Kanazawa and FH-Okayama.

    abstract::Gene mutations at the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor locus were screened in 210 alleles of Japanese patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). In the present study, two types of novel mutation were identified by genomic Southern blotting using human LDL receptor cDNA probes. An approximately 12 kb dele...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00153.x

    authors: Kajinami K,Mabuchi H,Inazu A,Fujita H,Koizumi J,Takeda R,Matsue T,Kibata M

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • The membrane protein universe: what's out there and why bother?

    abstract::Chances are that you have come across membrane proteins many times in your professional life: ion channels, aquaporins, G-protein-coupled receptors, drug resistance proteins. But it is also quite likely that you have never bothered to think about what the implications are of being a membrane protein, as opposed to a s...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01792.x

    authors: von Heijne G

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Very early risk stratification by electrocardiogram at rest in men with suspected unstable coronary heart disease. The RISC Study Group.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the possibility of very early prognostic stratification based on electrocardiograms (ECGs) at rest and/or cardiac enzyme levels after an episode of suspected unstable coronary heart disease. DESIGN AND SETTING:Men with suspected unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction were studied i...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00746.x

    authors: Nyman I,Areskog M,Areskog NH,Swahn E,Wallentin L

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Oral ketoconazole prophylaxis for Candida infections during induction therapy for acute leukaemia in adults: more bacteraemias.

    abstract::We determined whether ketoconazole prophylaxis might reduce Candida colonization and infections in adult patients with acute leukaemia. During first-remission induction therapy 50 patients were treated with 200 mg ketoconazole administered orally daily, while 57 patients received placebo in a double-blind, randomized ...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00945.x

    authors: Palmblad J,Lönnqvist B,Carlsson B,Grimfors G,Järnmark M,Lerner R,Ljungman P,Nyström-Rosander C,Petrini B,Oberg G

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • Role of alpha-1 antitrypsin in human health and disease.

    abstract::Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an under-recognized hereditary disorder associated with the premature onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis in children and adults, and less frequently, relapsing panniculitis, systemic vasculitis and other inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseas...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/joim.12239

    authors: de Serres F,Blanco I

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • Associations between pituitary-adrenocortical function and abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia in normotensive males.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationships between pituitary-adrenal cortical (PA) function, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, and dyslipidaemia. DESIGN:A prospective study. SETTING:Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. SUBJECTS:Seventy-one healthy males aged 30-55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin sen...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1997.tb00002.x

    authors: Hautanen A,Räikkönen K,Adlercreutz H

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Utility of genome-wide association study findings: prostate cancer as a translational research paradigm.

    abstract::Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of consistently replicated associations between genetic markers and complex disease risk, including cancers. Alone, these markers have limited utility in risk prediction; however, when several of these markers are used in combination, the predictive performance...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02522.x

    authors: Turner AR,Kader AK,Xu J

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Gemfibrozil treatment of the high triglyceride-low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol trait in men with established atherosclerosis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the short-term efficacy, tolerability and safety of the treatment with gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily or placebo in male patients with established atherosclerosis, with a lipid profile matching the 'high triglyceride-low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol trait'. DESIGN:Double-blind randomiz...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00813.x

    authors: Knipscheer HC,Nurmohamed MT,Van den Ende A,Plaat B,Pruijs HJ,Mulder WJ,Kastelein JJ

    更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00

  • Combined effects of obesity and physical activity in predicting mortality among men.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the hypothesis that higher levels of total daily physical activity can eliminate the increased mortality rate associated with overweight and obesity. DESIGN:Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING:Central Sweden. SUBJECTS:A total of 37,633 men at baseline 45-79 years of age and free...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01985.x

    authors: Orsini N,Bellocco R,Bottai M,Pagano M,Michaelsson K,Wolk A

    更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00

  • Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1, in systolic heart failure: relation to functional data and prognosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Structural remodelling of left ventricle is a common feature in the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been directly implicated as they degrade extracellular proteins. To test the hypothesis that MMP-and its inhibitor, tissue type inhibitor of matrix metallop...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01823.x

    authors: Jordán A,Roldán V,García M,Monmeneu J,de Burgos FG,Lip GY,Marín F

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of statin therapy on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels is modified by paraoxonase-1 in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Statins reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and can raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). HDL-bound paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is associated with variations in plasma HDL-C, and may, therefore, contribute to changes of HDL-C during statin therapy. DESIGN:The effects of baseline PON1 s...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01557.x

    authors: Himbergen TM,van Tits LJ,Voorbij HA,de Graaf J,Stalenhoef AF,Roest M

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00

  • The NeiI polymorphism in the cyclin D1 gene and sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 plays an important role in parathyroid tumourigenesis. The NciI polymorphism in exon 4 has recently been associated with early onset of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and is a prognostic indicator of nonsmall cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. Further...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00912.x

    authors: Correa P,Lundgren E,Rastad J,Akerström G,Westin G,Carling T

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the multi-ethnic and high diabetes prevalence population of Mauritius.

    abstract::The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was determined in a population survey in Mauritius where the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes and mortality from CHD are amongst the highest in the world. Men and women aged 35-74 years of all major ethnic groups were included: Asian Indians (Hindus and Muslim...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00672.x

    authors: Tuomilehto J,Li N,Dowse G,Gareeboo H,Chitson P,Fareed D,Min Z,Alberti KG,Zimmet P

    更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of isometric exercise and heart rate on left ventricular filling pattern assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

    abstract::Left ventricular filling pattern was assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography at rest and during handgrip exercise in 33 healthy middle-aged subjects. The peak mitral flow-velocities during the early rapid filling phase (E) and during late (atrial) filling (A) were measured and the ratio of these peak flow-velociti...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01388.x

    authors: Airaksinen KE,Ikäheimo MJ,Huikuri HV,Koistinen MJ,Linnaluoto M,Takkunen JT

    更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00

  • Peptide-based multi-agonists: a new paradigm in metabolic pharmacology.

    abstract::Obesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, are pressing worldwide health concerns. Available anti-obesity treatments include weight loss pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery. Whilst surgical interventions typically result in significant and sustained weight loss, available pharmacotherapies are far les...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/joim.12837

    authors: Brandt SJ,Müller TD,DiMarchi RD,Tschöp MH,Stemmer K

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • The Malmö biomarker programme.

    abstract::Evaluation of pro-oxidant/antioxidant dietary factors in relation to individual susceptibility to cancer and cardiovascular disease is justified based on a review of the literature. This working hypothesis is amendable to further scientific validation from biomarkers with end-point sensitivity to oxygen radicals. So f...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00651.x

    authors: Pero RW,Berglund G,Christie NT,Cosma GN,Frenkel K,Garte SJ,Janzon L,Olsson A,Seidegård J,Smulson ME

    更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00

  • The association between neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and clinical outcome in chronic heart failure: results from CORONA*.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the prognostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in chronic heart failure (HF) of ischaemic aetiology. BACKGROUND:Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a marker of kidney injury as well as matrix degradation and inflammation and has previously been shown to be increa...

    journal_title:Journal of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02503.x

    authors: Nymo SH,Ueland T,Askevold ET,Flo TH,Kjekshus J,Hulthe J,Wikstrand J,McMurray J,Van Veldhuisen DJ,Gullestad L,Aukrust P,Yndestad A

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00