Screening: Actual trends on PSA marker. When, who, how?

Abstract:

:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy among men world-wide. PCa incidence is higher among African American (AA) menin comparison to the white population. Men with a previous history of PCa in first-line relatives carry also an increased risk for this disease. The incidence of PCa diminished in United States (US) since the publication in 2012 of US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), in which PCa screening was bestowed with a grade D of recommendation. Nonetheless, locally advanced andmetastatic disease rates increased notably. In 2018, the USPSTF drop back in their statement against PCa screening and recommended this to be a shared-decision between men 55-69 years old and their physicians.A side-by-side evaluation methodology of the three trials included in USPSTF review was performed. The high intensity screening modality and the lower contamination rate in the control arm found in the ERSPC trial justify theearlier splitting in the cumulative mortality curves between the screening and control arm when contrasted with the CAP and PCLO trials presented. We aim to perform an objective and critical review of the current practice on prostate cancer screening, regarding its limitations and when the physician should offer a shared-decision process screening based on PSA.The controversy over PSA screening has not ended despite unequivocal evidence that it saves lives. Although the USPSTF's 2017 new draft is a step in the right direction, there is more progress to be made concerning the identification of patients harboring high-risk tumors and, consequently, die of PCa. PSA baseline may lead us to differentiate properly patients at high-risk from those under risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. It is well established that mpMRI has come to help us in the diagnosis of PCa and in the identification of clinically significanttumors. Finally, studies ongoing on biomarkers may assist us to improve our understanding about this frequent malignancy. :El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es el tumor maligno no cutáneo más frecuente entre los hombres en el mundo. La incidencia de CaP es mayor entre los afroamericanos (AA) en comparación con la población blanca. Los varones con antecedentes de CaP en familiares  de primer grado también tienen un riesgo aumentado para padecer esta enfermedad. La incidencia de CaP disminuyó en los Estados Unidos (EEUU) desde la publicación en 2012 del USPSTF (US  reventive Service Task Force), en la cual al cribado con PSA se le concedíaun grado D de recomendación. No obstante, las tasas de enfermedad localmente avanzada y metastásica han aumentado notablemente. En 2018, la USPSTFdio marcha atrás en su declaración contra el cribado en CaP y recomendó que fuera una decisión compartida entre los varones de 55-69 años y sus médicos.Realizamos una evaluación conjunta de la metodología de los tres estudios incluidos en la revisión del USPSTF. La modalidad de cribado de alta intensidad y la baja tasa de contaminación en el grupo control del estudio ERSPC justifica la separación precoz de las curvas demortalidad acumulada entre los brazos de cribado y control en comparación con la presentada en los estudios CAP y PLCO. El objetivo del artículo es realizaruna revisión objetiva y crítica de las prácticas actuales en cribado de cáncer de próstata, en relación con sus limitaciones y cuándo debe un médico ofrecer el proceso de decisión compartida de cribado basado en PSA.La controversia sobre el cribado con PSA no ha terminado a pesar de la evidencia inequívoca de que salva vidas. Aunque el nuevo documento de la USPSTF 2017es un paso en la dirección correcta, hay mas progresos por hacer en relación con los pacientes que tienen tumores de alto riesgo y, en consecuencia, mueren deCaP. El PSA basal puede llevarnos a diferenciar adecuadamente los pacientes con alto riesgo de sobrediagnóstico y sobretratamiento de los de bajo riesgo. Estábien establecido que la RMN multiparamétrica ha venido para ayudarnos en el diagnóstico del CaP y en la identificacion de los tumores clínicamente significativos.Finalmente, los estudios de marcadores en marcha pueden asistirnos para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre este frecuente tumor maligno.

journal_name

Arch Esp Urol

authors

Baccaglini W,Cathelineau X,Araújo Glina FP,Medina LG,Sotelo R,Carneiro A,Sanchez-Salas R

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-03-01 00:00:00

pages

98-103

issue

2

eissn

0004-0614

issn

1576-8260

pii

2019-72-2-802eede653957406ff47e0989301292b6667109b

journal_volume

72

pub_type

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