Abstract：
:Trans fatty acids (TFA) are produced either by hydrogenation of unsaturated oils or by biohydrogenation in the stomach of ruminant animals. Vanaspati ghee and margarine have high contents of TFA. A number of studies have shown an association of TFA consumption and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This increased risk is because TFA increase the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization have come up with the recommendation that the contents of TFA in human dietary fat should be reduced to less than 4%. There is high prevalence of CVD in Pakistan. High consumption of vanaspati ghee which contains 14.2-34.3% of TFA could be one of the factors for this increased burden of CVD in Pakistan. Consumption of dietary fat low in TFA would be helpful in reducing the risk of CVD in South Asia. Denmark by banning the sale of food items with TFA has brought down the number of deaths due to coronary heart disease by nearly 50% over a period of 20 years. Public awareness about the adverse effects of TFA on human health would be extremely important. Media can play a very effective role in educating the masses and advocating the policy for the sale of only low TFA food items. Literature sources: Google and US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health were the sources of papers cited in this review article.
journal_name
Pak J Med Scijournal_title
Pakistan journal of medical sciencesauthors
Iqbal MPdoi
10.12669/pjms.301.4525subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
194-7issue
1eissn
1682-024Xissn
1681-715Xjournal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to explore the role of treatment for complex Atlas-Axis fractures, and compare the JOA score of surgical and conservation methods. METHODOLOGY:From June 2008 to May 2012, 33 patients suffering from Atlas-Axis fracture were included in our study. Fifteen patients received posterior c...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.293.2995
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a rare colonic obstruction in which the sigmoid colonwraps around itself. The principal strategy for the treatment of uncomplicated SV is emergency endoscopic detorsion, while emergency surgery is needed in complicated SV with bowel gangrene, bowel perforation, peritonitis, or unsuccessful end...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.333.12265
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Helicobacter Pylori (H.pylori) is one of the most important causes of dyspepsia and diagnosis can be made by invasive or non-invasive methods. One of the non-invasive methods, H.pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) is simple, fast and relatively inexpensive. According to this view with regard to gastric biopsy as...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.291.2865
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background & Objectives:Molecular genetic abnormalities have a significant role not only in diagnosis but also in determining the clinical course and prognosis. Nucleophosmin-1 (NPM-1) is associated with good prognosis while internal tandem duplication of the fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 gene (FLT3-ITD) confers a poor pr...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.1.285
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:Hepatitis is a serious health concern with a high rate of mortality and morbidity world over. Saudi Arabia also has its course of the disease incidence. The data on the prevalence of the disease is still limiting. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HC...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.342.14278
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To develop a tool to evaluate faculty perceptions of assessment quality in an undergraduate medical program. Methods:The Assessment Implementation Measure (AIM) tool was developed by a mixed method approach. A preliminary questionnaire developed through literature review was submitted to a panel of 10 medica...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.341.14354
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among visitors to Faith Healers (FHs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We also studied the sociodemographic profiles for these visitors, in addition to their past psychiatric history, reason(s) for seeking FH help, and past and current treatment experience with ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.305.5434
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic disorders in childhood and it affects 0.5-1% of children. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and types of structural abnormalities in the epileptic children. Methods:The study was performed in Near East University and Dr. Suat Gunse...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.342.14807
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background and Objective:The corona-virus (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating impacts on not only the health and socio-economic conditions but also on the education sector in various countries. Consequently, the world of education entered a new era of E-learning. This descriptive study, thus, aims to evaluate the s...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.37.1.3124
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations and laboratory workup done in admitted children with cystic fibrosis at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS:This is athree years retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2015 conducted at The Aga Khan University Ho...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.333.12188
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Trendelenburg positioning is a common approach used during internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation. No evidence indicates that Trendelenburg positioning significantly increases the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the IJV in obese patients. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Tren...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.314.7326
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy and endocrinotherapy for middle and advanced prostate cancer. Methods:Total 104 elderly patients with middle and advanced prostate cancer who were admitted to our hospital from November 2014 to August 2015 were selected using random n...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.5.591
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Round ligament varicosity (RLV) is rare and almost all cases are pregnant women. RLV appears as a unilateral or bilateral groin swelling. Pain and tenderness may present. Clinical evaluation is inadequate for exact diagnosis because inguinal hernia has similar findings. Ultrasonography (US) is essential when a groin s...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.12669/pjms.314.7954
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Objective : Esophageal stethoscope has the advantage of being non-invasive, easily placed and capability to monitor the heart sound. This study was designed to determine whether the ratio of S1 to S2 analyzed by esophageal stethoscope and wireless bluetooth transmission can be accurate indicator that express...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.294.3639
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and diet of teachers of a Govt. College of Home Economics in Lahore. METHODS:It was survey research. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 50 teachers from Govt. College of Home Economics of age group 30 - 60 years. RESULTS:About 46% of the ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.314.8433
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol in the treatment of asthmatic bronchitis. Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with asthmatic bronchitis who were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects and divided into a control group and an observation...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.3.1607
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To explore the correlation of procalcitonin (PCT) and gelsolin (GSN) with the prognosis of urosepsis patients. Method:The data of 71 urosepsis patients from March 2015 to April 2019 who were admitted to and treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University were analyzed and compared with those of 92 healthy...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.5.2143
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:To compare self-perceived oral symptoms and clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) periodontal parameters among naswar (NW) and non-naswar dippers (NNW). Methods:One hundred and forty-two individuals (72 patients co...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.345.15418
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To document the neonatal outcomes of preterm birth in twin pregnancies and to investigate whether perinatal and obstetric parameters are associated with clinical outcomes. METHODS:This retrospective trial was conducted on data gathered from 176 preterm twins delivered in the obstetrics and gynecology departm...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.324.10409
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of two medical insurers' policies on the hospitalization of people with schizophrenia and the economic burden they faced during a period of rapid health services reform in China. METHODOLOGY:A comparative analysis was made of Urban Employee-Basic Medical Insurance (UE-BMI) and Urban Re...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.293.3273
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of University students regarding the severity of unwanted pregnancy. METHODS:This cross sectional study involved 408 (206 females and 202 males) students residing within the university campus. Simple and systematic sampling methods were used to select ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.294.3626
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of fasting during Ramadan on plasma adiponectin and TNF-α levels. Methods:This is a cross sectional study, conducted at Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology (FUUAST), Karachi, comprising a total of 55 (50%) females and 55 (50%) males wh...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.1.95
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacies of tumor curettage and resection for treatment of giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) around the knee joint (KJ). METHODS:A total of 126 KJ-GCTB cases were treated at our department from August 2011 to February 2015. These cases were divided into two groups (A and B) according to tr...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.323.9654
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A Cross Sectional population based serological studies was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for syphilis women with recurrent miscarriages. METHODS:Patient's 5ml whole blood was collected through venepuncture technique. Data were collected by all women answered a questionnair...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk factors, management modalities, fetomaternal outcome of uterine rupture cases at University teaching hospital in Pakistan. METHODS:This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS)...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.314.7303
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) levels and gender, age, body mass index (BMI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods:This case-control study was carried out among 182 participants in Jiangxi Provincia...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.345.15145
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This is aimed at investigating some coagulation and haematologic profile of HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients attending clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. METHODS:This is a correlation study comprising fifty (50) HIV positive patients on HAART between...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.316.7943
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pakistan is experiencing a "double burden'' of disease. Under-development is associated with illnesses like infections and nutritional deficiency, and is accompanied with diseases linked with development, such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and chronic kidney disease. In Pakistan, renal and genitourinary diseases a...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1718
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:To assess the immediate effect of TEAM® on trauma related knowledge of undergraduate medical students and to highlight the stakeholders' acceptability of TEAM® for trauma training of undergraduate medical students. Methods:Effectiveness of TEAM® course in terms of knowledge gain was assessed using 20-item-M...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.6.2588
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To isolate Helicobacter pylori (HP) from the dental plaque of a selected group of children and to compare the oral and salivary findings of patients with those of a healthy control group. METHODS:A total of 70 children aged 5-15 years were included in this study. An intraoral examination was performed for ea...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.324.10034
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
