Abstract：
STUDY DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk factors predictive of dysphagia after a spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING:None. METHODS:A comprehensive literature search was performed in five scientific databases for English articles that identified risk factors for dysphagia after a SCI in adult (≥19 years) individuals. Data extracted included: author name, year and country of publication, participant demographics, sample size, study design, method of dysphagia diagnosis, and risk factor percentages. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For identified risk factors, risk percentages were transformed into risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Quantitative synthesis was performed for risk factors reported in two or more studies using restricted maximum-likelihood estimator random effects models. RESULTS:Eleven studies met inclusion criteria of which ten studies were of moderate quality (n = 10). Significant risk factors included: age, injury severity, level of injury, presence of tracheostomy, coughing, voice quality, bronchoscopy need, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tubes, comorbid injury, and a cervical surgery. Results of the quantitative synthesis indicated that the presence of a tracheostomy posed a threefold greater risk of the development of dysphagia (RR: 3.67); while, cervical surgery posed a 1.3 times greater risk of the development of dysphagia (RR: 1.30). CONCLUSIONS:Knowledge of these risk factors can be a resource for clinicians in the early diagnosis and appropriate medical management of dysphagia post SCI.
journal_name
Spinal Cordjournal_title
Spinal cordauthors
Iruthayarajah J,McIntyre A,Mirkowski M,Welch-West P,Loh E,Teasell Rdoi
10.1038/s41393-018-0170-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
1116-1123issue
12eissn
1362-4393issn
1476-5624pii
10.1038/s41393-018-0170-3journal_volume
56pub_type
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