Abstract:
:Obesity and its co-morbidities as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are major health problems worldwide. Several reports indicated that nutrient excess and metabolic syndrome are linked with altered immune response. Indeed, metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation, which conditions are the consequences of the complex interaction between adipocytes and immune cells. Enlarged white adipose tissue is infiltrated by immune cells and secretes various bioactive substances, like adipokines, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Due to its special architecture in which metabolic and immune cells are in intimate proximity, metabolic and immunologic pathways are closely integrated in adipose tissue. With the contribution of altered gut microbiota, adipokines and cytokines modulate insulin signaling and immune response leading to adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. In this chapter, we focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity. We also detail the potential role of adipokines and immune cells in this deleterious process, and the concerns of vaccination in metabolic syndrome. Finally, we address the links between obesity and gut microbiota as an emerging new field of interest, and scratch the surface of potential therapeutic opportunities.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Paragh G,Seres I,Harangi M,Fülöp Pdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
171-90eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
824pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Multidrug-resistance (MDR), caused by overexpression of either P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or the multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP), is characterised by a decreased cellular drug accumulation. One form of MDR is the sequestration of the drug inside cytoplasmic vesicles followed by an a exocytotic and/or efflux pr...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_17
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed as a key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), a highly prevalent disease rapidly developing as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. Data however about the involvement of mitochondria, central hubs in bioenergetic processes, in th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_9
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1980 to 1983, 40 patients with advanced or locally recurrent breast cancer were treated with the thermo-radiotherapy. Ten of these were primary cases and 30 recurrent. In 23 patients who had 2 to 3 lesions. Altogether there were 64 lesions treated. Combined thermo-radiotherapy was applied to the bigger lesions ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5766-7_56
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary blood flow depends upon the vascular resistance distributed non-uniformly within the coronary microcirculation. Coronary microvascular resistance is governed by metabolic, myogenic, endothelial and neurohumoral influences. A number of these control mechanisms interact locally within a microvascular segment. I...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_17
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic studies have bestowed insight into the biological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in susceptibility to (or resistance to) organisms’ aging. Recent advances in molecular and genetic epidemiology provide tools to explore the genetic sources of the variability in biological aging in humans. To ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCX(mit)) was first discovered by Carafoli et al. in 1974. Thereafter, the mechanisms and roles of NCX(mit) have been extensively studied. We review NCX(mit) in cardiomyocytes and lymphocytes by presenting our recent studies on it. Studies of NCX(mit) in rat ventricular cells demons...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_16
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyomaviruses [BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV) and simian virus 40 (SV40)] have been known to be associated with diseases in humans for over thirty years. BKV-associated nephropathy and JCV-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were for many years rare diseases occurring only in patients with underl...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-387-32957-9_17
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function and characteristics of mouse folylpolyglutamate synthetase have been examined. Folate polyglutamates were poor substrates for the efflux mechanism for monoglutamates in L1210 mouse leukemia cells, with negligible loss of preformed folate polyglutamates to the medium over four hours. Disruption of folate m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5241-0_24
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristic functions of relaxin are associated with female reproductive tract physiology. These include the regulation of biochemical processes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy and rupture of the fetal membranes at term. Such modifications enable the you...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74672-2_4
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate interrelationships among the oxygenation, the energy status, and the development of necrosis in tumor microregions, oxygen tensions were measured with microelectrodes, and ATP distributions were determined with a quantitative imaging technique using multicellular spheroids as in vitro tumor models. The res...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_102
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shock, regardless of etiology, is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion resulting in cell death, organ dysfunction, and poor survival. Current therapies largely focus on restoring tissue perfusion through resuscitation but have failed to address the specific cellular dysfunction caused by shock. Acetylation is r...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5638-5_11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been well documented in regulating blood pressure, fluid volume, and sodium balance. Overactivity of RAAS promotes both systemic and regional glomerular capillary hypertension, which could induce hemodynamic injury to the glomerulus, leading to kidney damage and ren...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_33
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::C. elegans germline stem cells exist within a stem cell pool that is maintained by a single-celled mesenchymal niche and Notch signaling. Downstream of Notch signaling, a regulatory network governs stem cells and differentiation. Central to that network is the FBF RNA-binding protein, a member of the widely conserved ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rotaviruses are important medical and veterinary pathogens that cause acute diarrheal disease in children and in the young of most mammalian and avian species. The successful development of a rotavirus vaccine should significantly reduce worldwide infant morbidity and mortality and economic losses and increase foo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7974-4_13
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent complex sounds (e.g., two voices speaking at once) are perceptually disentangled into separate "auditory objects". This neural processing often occurs in the presence of acoustic-signal distortions from noise and reverberation (e.g., in a busy restaurant). A difference in periodicity between sounds is a str...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25474-6_41
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon compounds that are needed in small amounts in the diet because they are not made in the body of vertebrates are defined as vitamins. Excluded from this definition are vitamins D, K, and niacin which can be synthesized by the organism or, as in the case of vitamin K, by the host's intestinal bacteria. Lack of su...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4790-3_8
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptotic cell death in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of taurine on NO-induced apoptosis, a cell was exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, in the absence and presence of taurine. Taurine treatment prevented SNP-mediated ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_50
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchitis is a common health problem in children. Frequent bronchitis in infancy increases the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the level of growth and the nutritional status in children and youths with special regard to the level of body fatness assessed by measurin...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2015_192
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs discovered in the early 1990s as a transcriptional by-product of little importance. It was only recently that they were identified as a key player in regulating the gene expression by targeting and modulating the functions of microRNA, a process known...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_18
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The decrease in adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers in obesity. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expre...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_18
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many aspects of the structure of chymosin are quite unique even though structure comparisons indicate a high degree of structural homology with other eukaryotic aspartic proteinases. The structural homology is shown to be directly related to the sequence homology which varies from 30 to 60%. The recent structures of p...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4_3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma oxytocin (OT) levels are strongly correlated with inhibition of ingestion in many models of stimulated food and NaCl intake in rats, but peripheral administration of OT or OT antagonists has little or no effect on these behaviors. These findings led us to propose that central OT secretion from parvocellular neu...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Gain-of-function mutations in KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) drive most GISTs, and 85 % of GISTs also contain oncogenic mutations in one of two receptor tyrosine kinases. The adv...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42316-6_9
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this report is to propose a new methodology to treat prostate cancer with macro-rod-shaped gold seeds irradiated with ultrasound and develop a new computational method for temperature and thermal dose control of hyperthermia therapy induced by the proposed procedure. A computer code representation, based on...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09012-2_8
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This retrospective research was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, covering the period between 1977 and 1981. The incidence of hydatidiform mole was 1 in 77 pregnancies. The incidence of malignant trophoblastic disease was 1 in 185 pregnancies. Of...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4811-5_9
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is unknown and treatment is limited to measures which sustain the patient. We review selected epidemiologic studies searching for a pattern in the clinical expression of MND which may reflect the operation of the underlying cause. Recognition of patterns of occurrence of MND ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5302-7_49
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are part of a large family of pore-forming proteins that include the human proteins perforin and the complement membrane attack complex. The activity of all family members is focused on membranes, but the proteins are themselves involved in a diverse range of phenomena. An o...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6327-7_5
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of selective breeding for differential impairment of motor activity after alcohol injection is shown for the first 13 generations of the LA and MA rat strains. In F13 rats, the mean decrement of activity after 1.5 g ethanol per kg i/p. is 90% for MA rats and 42% for LA rats, the strain difference significa...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5181-6_5
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter reviews the studies of keratin-based biomaterials in the past and discusses the advancement of it in recent years. Keratin, as a protein-based biopolymer, possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, keratin has abundant disulfide bonds, which result in its unique and tough stru...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3258-0_14
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, 27 TRP channels from 6 related families contribute to a broad spectrum of cellular functions, such as thermo-, pressure-, volume-, pain- and chemosensation. Pain and inflammation-inducing compounds represent potent plant and animal defense mechanisms explaining the great variety of the naturally occurring, ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_4
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00