Abstract：
:Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal brain development and may also promote recovery and neuronal regeneration after brain injury. TH acts predominantly through the nuclear receptors, TH receptor alpha (THRA) and beta (THRB). Additional factors that impact TH action in the brain include metabolism, activation of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) by the enzyme 5'-deiodinase Type 2 (Dio2), inactivation by the enzyme 5-deiodinase Type 3 (Dio3) to reverse T3 (rT3), which occurs in glial cells, and uptake by the Mct8 transporter in neurons. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with inflammation, metabolic alterations and neural death. In clinical studies, central hypothyroidism, due to hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction, has been found in some individuals after brain injury. TH has been shown, in animal models, to be protective for the damage incurred from brain injury and may have a role to limit injury and promote recovery. Although clinical trials have not yet been reported, findings from in vitro and in vivo models inform potential treatment strategies utilizing TH for protection and promotion of recovery after brain injury.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Liu YY,Brent GAdoi
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
176-185eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163-7258(18)30014-7journal_volume
186pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The mechanisms of monooxygenase induction and inhibition have been discussed from the standpoint of historic development, from the current concepts about the molecular mechanism of enzyme induction, and from the various possibilities by which inhibitors can interact with the complex cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase syst...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(87)90020-9
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic syndrome has been described as the association of insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Its prevalence increased dramatically, mainly in developed countries. Animal models are essential to understand the pathophysiology of this syndrome. This review presents the murine models of metab...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.11.004
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endothelins and sarafotoxins are two structurally related families of potent vasoactive peptides. Although the physiological functions of these peptides are not entirely clear, the endothelins are probably involved in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. This review summarizes the ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(92)90030-4
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) was initially identified as the major receptor for oxidized LDL (OxLDL) in endothelial cells. Its inducible expression in macrophages and smooth muscle cell was also observed. LOX-1 is a Type II membrane protein with a typical C-type lectin structur...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00236-x
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have b...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00201-2
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 15 years, novel pharmacologic treatments for the management of HIV/AIDS and severe mental illness have changed the prognosis and quality of life for millions of patients throughout the world. In HIV-infected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered this epidemic in many countrie...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.004
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.006
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor progression and metastasis are complex processes involving intricate interplay among multiple gene products. Astrocyte elevated gene (AEG)-1 was cloned as an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-inducible and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes (PHFA) by...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.010
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biogenic amine transporters for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine (SERT, NET and DAT respectively), are the key players terminating transmission of these amines in the central nervous system by their high-affinity uptake. They are also major targets for many antidepressant drugs. Interestingly however, drugs targ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.004
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the heart, Ca(2+) released from the intracellular Ca(2+) storage site, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is the principal determinant of cardiac contractility. SR Ca(2+) release is controlled by dedicated molecular machinery, composed of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and a number of accessory proteins, inclu...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.06.002
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conditional gene knockout represents an extremely powerful approach to study the function of single genes in the nervous system. The Cre-LoxP system is the most advanced technology for spatial and temporal control of genetic inactivation, and there is rapid progress using this methodology in neuroscience research. In ...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.12.003
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present paper was to present an overview of the current status of the methods used to predict the magnitude of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) which are caused by apparent changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity with an emphasis on a method using in vivo information. In addition, more th...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.10.011
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pulmonary endothelium plays a crucial role in lung development and function during the perinatal period. Its 2 most important functions at this time are to help reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in order to permit the entire cardiac output to pass through the lungs for the first time and to facilitate the...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.016
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways with mucosal infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. The natural resolution of airway inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with hi...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.004
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 90-kDa molecular chaperone family (which comprises, among other proteins, the 90-kDa heat-shock protein, hsp90 and the 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein, grp94, major molecular chaperones of the cytosol and of the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively) has become an increasingly active subject of research in the past...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00013-8
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first description of their opioid properties three decades ago, dynorphins have increasingly been thought to play a regulatory role in numerous functional pathways of the brain. Dynorphins are members of the opioid peptide family and preferentially bind to kappa opioid receptors. In line with their localizat...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.05.006
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Preclinical animal models are useful tools to better understand tumor initiation and progression and to predict the activity of an anticancer agent in the clinic. Ideally, these models should recapitulate the biological characteristics of the tumor and of the related tumor microenvironment (e.g. vasculature,...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.001
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews uses of metabolic suicide genes in gene therapy. Suicide genes encode novel nonmammalian enzymes that can convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into a highly toxic agent. Cells genetically transduced to express such genes essentially commit metabolic suicide in the presence of the appropriate prod...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(94)90046-9
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in newborns and infants can present in its idiopathic form or complicate a long list of other diseases. Most of these conditions are either pulmonary or cardiovascular in origin. In the present review our current knowledge regarding pathophysiology, structural changes, diagnosis, and availa...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.006
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptors family. PPARs are a family of 3 ligand-activated transcription factors: PPARalpha (NR1C1), PPARbeta/delta (NUC1; NR1C2), and PPARgamma (NR1C3). PPARalpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma are encoded by different genes but show sub...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.007
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteolytic degradation of unwanted proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical for normal maintenance of various cellular functions. Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by prominent and irreversible nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss and i...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.04.001
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artemisinins are a unique class of antimalarial drugs with significant potential for drug repurposing for a wide range of diseases including cancer. Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and the majority of cancer related deaths occur in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where conventional treatment option...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107706
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article is a review of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s) (CN PDE) from the point of view of the relationships between the newer aspects of the complex enzymology of CN PDE and recent major advances in CN PDE pharmacology. A consolidation of isozyme nomenclature to the proposed family designations is recommen...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(91)90039-o
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aquaporin (AQP) water and solute channels have basic physiological functions throughout the human body. AQP-facilitated water permeability across cell membranes is required for rapid reabsorption of water from pre-urine in the kidneys and for sustained near isosmolar water fluxes e.g. in the brain, eyes, inner ear, an...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is not a recent phenomenon, but it became a major problem when the parasite became resistant to chloroquine, the cheapest and initially the most effective antimalarial compound that could be used for treatment and suppression. In some areas this problem is compounded by resista...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0163-7258(91)90074-v
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular endothelium not only is a single monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen and the intimal wall, but also plays an important role by controlling vascular function and structure mainly via the production of nitric oxide (NO). The so called "cardiovascular risk factors" are associated with endothelial dys...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells for the purposes of tissue repair has garnered considerable public attention due to the potential of returning tissues and organs to a normal, healthy state after injury or damage has occurred. To achieve this, progenitor cells such as pericytes and bone marrow-derive...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperkinetic movement disorders comprise a variety of conditions characterized by involuntary movements, which include but are not limited to tardive dyskinesia, chorea associated with Huntington's Disease, and tic disorders. The class of medications that have been used to treat these conditions includes Vesicular Mon...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107580
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As our ability to provide in-depth, patient-specific characterisation of the molecular alterations within tumours rapidly improves, it is becoming apparent that new approaches will be required to leverage the power of this data and derive the full benefit for each individual patient. Systems biology approaches are beg...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107555
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is clear evidence that CB(2), historically referred to as the peripheral cannabinoid receptor, mediates many of the immune modulatory effects of cannabinoids. However, cannabinoid receptors cannot be classified simply as central or peripheral since CB(2) has been shown to play a role in the central nervous syste...
journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.004
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
