Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This paper addresses the prevalence and pattern of physical violence in the prehispanic society of Gran Canaria and discusses its link with the social structure and insular context in which that people lived. MATERIALS AND METHODS:347 prehispanic crania from Guayadeque Ravine (575-1415 AD) have been examined in order to determine the frequency, types, location, and timing of trauma. RESULTS:Craniofacial injuries are present in 27.4% of the crania examined. Only 2% display perimortem trauma. Most of the injuries (84.3%) correspond to depressed blunt force trauma, with an ellipsoidal or circular shape. Most of these are in the anterior aspect of the cranium. Males are significantly more affected than females. DISCUSSION:The aboriginal population of Gran Canaria show a high frequency of traumatic injuries to the skull compared to other archaeological groups. Their frequent location in the anterior aspect suggests regular face-to-face confrontations. However, the lethal injuries typically occurring in large-scale combat are scarce. Practices such as ritualized combat, mentioned in ethnohistorical sources, would help to channel and mitigate inter-group conflict. The predominance of depressed blunt force trauma is in accordance with the weapons used by those populations: hand-thrown stones, clubs and sticks. The higher frequency in males indicates that they took part in direct violence more than females did. The hierarchical organization of their society may have led to frequent situations of conflict. The insular nature of a territory barely 1,500 m2 in size was a determining factor in competition for access to food resources, especially at times of climate crises or population growth.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Delgado-Darias T,Alberto-Barroso V,Velasco-Vázquez Jdoi
10.1002/ajpa.23400subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-01 00:00:00pages
70-83issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
166pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::We studied patterns of genetic relatedness and paternity in moustached tamarins, small Neotropical primates living in groups of 1-4 adult males and 1-4 adult females. Generally only one female per group breeds, mating with more than one male. Twin birth are the norm. In order to examine the genetic consequences of thi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20136
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a part of a research project on molecular variation in Central Africa, we have analyzed 10 microsatellites (CD4, CSFO, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, F13A1, FES, TH01, TPOX, and VWA) in the Bamileke and Ewondo from Cameroon and the Sanga and Mbenzele Pygmies from the Central African Republic (a total of 390 chromosomes)....
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1096-8644(200007)112:3<319::AID-AJPA4>3.0.
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male baboons use their sharp upper canines in aggressive interactions. These teeth are sharpened against specialized lower third premolars. The honing premolar is protected against wear by having very thick enamel and the upper canine having very thin enamel, not by structural or mineral differences between the two en...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330650108
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the relationships between lower limb robusticity and mobility in a Neolithic sample (LIG) from Italy (6th millennium BP). This study tests the hypothesis that the high femoral robusticity previously observed in the LIG sample is a consequence of the subsistence strategy (i.e., high mobility on ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20855
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Stark health inequalities exist in the present day between the North and South of England, with people in the South, overall, experiencing better health across a range of parameters (e.g., life expectancy and number of years spent in good health). Bioarchaeological studies of skeletal remains from cemeteries ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23817
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies on human energetics have been conducted in developed and developing countries, but very few simultaneously measured time use and energy expenditure. Only a few quantitatively compared subsistence patterns between rural and urban dwellers of an identical population. Here we present the daily physical ac...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1096-8644(200103)114:3<258::AID-AJPA1024>3
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study are to describe genetic correlations between dental dimensions in a platyrrhine primate, to assess whether the brown-mantled tamarin dentition exhibits genetic modularity by tooth type, and to discuss the relationship between body size reduction and the genetic architecture of de...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23861
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The presence of Microchoerus in Sant Cugat de Gavadons (Late Eocene, Ebro Basin, Northeastern Spain) was first noted by M. Crusafont, who described a fragment of maxilla with two teeth that he interpreted as P(4) and M(1) and referred this specimen to the species Microchoerus ornatus. The objective of this w...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22940
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate fossil assemblages often have metacarpals and phalanges from which functional/behavioral interpretations may be inferred. For example, intrinsic hand proportions can indicate hand function and substrate use. But, estimates of intrinsic hand proportions from unassociated hand elements can be imperfect due to di...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22278
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrapopulational tooth striation variability has been studied in a sample of 99 individuals from the medieval agricultural population of La Olmeda (Palencia, Spain). The number, length, and orientation of all observed striations were recorded using a scanning electron microscope and an image analyzer system. Tooth st...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330940203
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interdisciplinary research has benefitted the fields of anthropology and engineering for decades: a classic example being the application of material science to the field of feeding biomechanics. However, after decades of research, discordances have developed in how mechanical properties are defined, measured, calcula...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22903
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of tooth wear among prehistoric and recent populations has frequently been concerned with the rate and pattern of wear over the dental arches. In this report we considered the question of tooth wear variation among collections of Australian Aboriginal crania recovered from several sites along the Murray Rive...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330790206
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of specimens extending from fossil material through recent vertebrates including man there occurs a gradual phylogenetic increase in the degree of humeral torsion. A further (ontogenetic) torsion is superimposed upon the phylogenetic one in man which increases from birth until the proximal epiphysial carti...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330450325
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the skeletal maturity status of Japanese children in Western Kyushu and its variation within Japanese populations. Hand-wrist skeletal maturity was assessed by the Tanner-Whitehouse (1975) (TW2) method from radiographs of 500 boys and 485 girls aged from 4 to 15 years. Western Kyushu children show...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330620209
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dispersed pair-living primates provide a unique model for illuminating the evolution of mechanisms regulating spacing and cohesiveness in permanently cohesive groups. We present for the first time data on the spatiotemporal distribution and loud-calling behavior of the Milne Edwards' sportive lemur, known to forage so...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20342
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distribution and variation statistics of hominid endocranial volume (ECV) have been investigated. Within the interpretative constraints imposed by (very) small sample sizes, the requirements for normality are met, as are those for heteroscedasticity. A significant difference in means can be demonstrated for only two c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680214
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life history theory predicts a trade-off between immunostimulation and growth. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study aims to test the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) is negatively associated with height-for-age z-scores (HAZ scores) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ scores) among 6- to 19-year olds (N ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22470
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of the present study are to 1) determine and describe levels of dental fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a highly endogamous human group; 2) evaluate the effects of various FA measures on perceived FA levels and their interrelationships; 3) study the connections between dental variables (tooth size, class, positi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330910308
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporal changes, within-group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a compr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10425
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.24034
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The history of discovery and interpretation of primate footprints at the site of Laetoli in northern Tanzania is reviewed. An analysis of the geological context of these tracks is provided. The hominid tracks in Tuff 7 at Site G in the Garusi River Valley demonstrate bipedality at a mid-Pliocene datum. Comparison of t...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330720409
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oliver is an African ape whose species identity has been debated in the popular media and by various scientists since the early 1970s. Although decisive morphological data has never been adduced on Oliver, many reports indicated that Oliver was morphologically unusual for a chimpanzee, particularly in his habitual bip...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199803)105:3<395::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new brain endocast of Homo erectus from Hulu Cave, Tangshan, Nanjing is described and compared with a broad sample of endocasts of H. erectus, Neanderthals, and recent modern humans. The Nanjing 1 endocast is reconstructed based on two portions of endocranial casts taken from the original fossil fragments. The fossi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21527
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::New data were obtained on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Guahibo from Venezuela, a group so far not studied using molecular data. A population sample (n = 59) was analyzed for mtDNA variation in two control-region hypervariable segments (HV1 and HV2) by sequencing. The presence or absence of a 9-bp polymorphism in the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20070
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate sex assignment of ancient human remains usually relies on the availability of coxal bones or well-preserved DNA. Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) stable isotope compositions ((56)Fe/(54)Fe and (65)Cu/(63)Cu, respectively) were recently measured in modern human blood, and an unexpected result was the discovery of a (...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.22053
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Accurate age estimates are foundational for bioarchaeological research, yet the ability to accurately age older adult skeletons remains elusive. This study uses a new version of pulp/tooth area calculations to investigate chronological age of older archaeological individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Pulp/toot...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23371
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, dominance rank instability among male Lemur catta during mating was investigated. Also, data on agonism and sexual behavior across five consecutive mating seasons in a population of L. catta on St. Catherines Island, USA, were collected. Instances of male rank instability were categorized into three typ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20927
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for estimating the general rate of nonpaternity in a population was validated using phenotype data on seven blood groups (A1A2BO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy, Lutheran, Kidd, and P) on 396 mother, child, and legal father trios from Nuevo León, Mexico. In all, 32 legal fathers were excluded as the possible father based on...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<281::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::One trait that distinguishes the walking gaits of most primates from those of most mammalian nonprimates is the distribution of weight between the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Nonprimate mammals generally experience higher vertical peak substrate reaction forces on the forelimb than on the hindlimb. Primates, in contrast,...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20385
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Histomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labo...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.23853
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00