Abstract：
:Amino acids represent the major transport form of reduced nitrogen in plants. Long-distance transport of amino acids occurs in the xylem and the phloem. However, the phloem is the main transport route for bulk flow of the organic nitrogen from source leaves to sink tissues. Phloem loading in leaves of most annual plant species follows an apoplasmic transport path and requires the coordinated activity of transport protein mediating cellular export or import of amino acids. Phloem unloading of amino acids is generally a symplasmic process but apoplasmic transport is additionally required for efficient post-phloem nitrogen transport. In this review we summarize the current data on the physiology of amino acid phloem loading and unloading, and the molecular players involved. We discuss the implications of amino acid transporters in nitrogen signaling and highlight the necessity to investigate the coordination of symplasmic and apoplasmic transport processes.
journal_name
Curr Opin Plant Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in plant biologyauthors
Tegeder M,Hammes UZdoi
10.1016/j.pbi.2017.12.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
16-21eissn
1369-5266issn
1879-0356pii
S1369-5266(17)30145-0journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an essential kingdom of life, responsible via photosynthesis for the majority of global primary production, and directly utilized by humankind for nutrition, animal feed, fuel, clothing, medicine and other purposes. There are an estimated 391 000 species of land plants, in addition...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2018.11.001
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Membrane specialization through lateral compartmentalization is pivotal to the development of organisms and their response to environmental signals. The membrane raft hypothesis is lively discussed as a concept for domain formation. In recent years plant scientists have begun to critically assess the membrane raft hyp...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2008.07.002
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stomata are microscopic structures in the epidermis of the aerial parts of flowering plants formed by two specialized guard cells flanking a central pore. The role of stomata is to optimize gas exchange (the uptake of carbon dioxide and the loss of water vapor) to suit the prevailing environmental conditions. To do th...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2009.08.005
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Messenger RNA (mRNA) can move through the vascular system in plants. Until recently the transport of mRNA had been demonstrated only for a few well-documented cases, leading to the suggestion that transport was selective and specific. The extent of this long-distance transport has now been shown to be on the genomic s...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2017.11.001
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Starch is one of the major sinks of fixed carbon in photosynthetic tissues of higher plants. Carbon fixation and the synthesis of primary starch occur during the day in the chloroplast stroma, whereas starch degradation typically occurs during the following night to fuel the whole plant with energy and carbon in the a...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.003
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most important demands of multicellularity is the co-ordination of cell proliferation and cell growth to allow the ultimate differentiation of functional organs and tissues. In plants, endogenously and exogenously generated developmental signals hone a basic patterning plan to the demands of a changing envi...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2005.11.007
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters, and there are several levels of flooding. Recently, research on flood-tolerant rice plants revealed that some rice varieties have evolved to overcome two different flood types, 'flash flood' and 'deepwater flood', using two different mechanisms, and their molecu...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.008
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerable interest in lignin biosynthesis has been fueled by the many roles that lignin plays in development and in resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as its importance to industry and agriculture. Although the pathway leading to the lignin polymer has been studied for decades, new insights into the e...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00257-1
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellulose is the world's most abundant biopolymer and a key structural component of the plant cell wall. Cellulose is comprised of hydrogen-bonded beta-1,4-linked glucan chains that are synthesized at the plasma membrane by large cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes. Recent advances in visualization of fluorescently la...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.007
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant hormones are tightly regulated in response to environmental and developmental signals. It has long been speculated that biosynthesis of hormones occurs broadly in plant organs and that intricate, spatiotemporal regulation of hormones in developing organ primordia is achieved through transport and signal percepti...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2007.10.008
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular and genomic studies have shown that several genes with various functions are induced by drought and cold stresses, and that various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of stress-inducible genes. The products of stress-inducible genes function not only in stress tolerance but also in stress r...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(03)00092-x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylation of histones on different lysine residues is dynamically added by distinct writer enzymes, interpreted by reader proteins, and removed by eraser enzymes. This epigenetic mark has widespread, dynamic roles in plant development and environmental responses. For example, histone methylation plays a key role in ...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102001
更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key signal transduction role in cells. They are involved in the regulation of growth, development, responses to environmental stimuli and cell death. The level of ROS in cells is determined by interplay between ROS producing pathways and ROS scavenging mechanisms, part of the ROS g...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.014
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During development, the behavior of cells in tissues is coordinated along specific orientations or directions by coordinating the polar localization of components in those cells. The coordination of such cell polarity is perhaps nowhere more spectacular than in developing leaves, where the polarity of hundreds of cell...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.009
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantification of genotype-to-phenotype associations is central to many scientific investigations, yet the ability to obtain consistent results may be thwarted without appropriate statistical analyses. Models for association can consider confounding effects in the materials and complex genetic interactions. Selecting ...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2015.02.010
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent progress in the genetic dissection of plant disease resistance signaling pathways has opened a number of new avenues towards engineering pathogen resistance in crops. Genes controlling race-specific and broad-spectrum resistance responses have been cloned, and novel induced resistance pathways have been identif...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/1369-5266(88)80058-x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although concerted efforts to understand selected botanical models have been made, the resulting basic knowledge varies in its applicability to other diverse species including the major crops. Recent advances in high-throughput genomics are offering new avenues through which to exploit model systems for the study of b...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00246-7
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the study of plant peroxisomes are shedding new light on the importance of these organelles for plant development, and are revealing similarities and differences in peroxisome protein import pathways between plants, animals and fungi. For example, the import of matrix proteins that carry the PTS1 an...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2005.09.009
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemistry assigns phosphate (Pi) dominant roles in metabolism; however, it also renders the macronutrient a genuinely limiting factor of plant productivity. Pi bioavailability is restricted by low Pi mobility in soil and antagonized by metallic toxicities, which force roots to actively seek and selectively acquire the...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.016
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryogenesis is a critical stage of the sporophytic life cycle during which the basic body plan of the plant is established. Although positional information is implicated to play a major role in determining embryo cell fate, little is known about the nature of positional signals. Recent studies show that the monopter...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(99)80005-3
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past year progress has been made in the manipulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism but several studies highlight gaps in our understanding of the biochemistry of these pathways. New components involved in transcriptional regulation of phenylpropanoid genes have been identified, including transcription factors a...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(98)80113-1
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Avirulence genes are originally defined by their negative impact on the ability of a pathogen to infect their host plant. Many avirulence genes are now known to represent a subset of virulence factors involved in the mediation of the host-pathogen interaction. Characterization of avirulence genes has revealed that the...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00082-0
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental plasticity is a defining feature of plants allowing them to colonize a wide range of different ecosystems by promoting environmental adaptation. Their postembryonic development requires life-long maintenance of stem cells, which are embedded into specialized tissues, called meristems. The shoot apical me...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.014
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc is an essential micronutrient. Genes responsible for zinc uptake have now been identified from yeast and plants. These genes belong to an extended family of cation transporters called the ZIP gene family. Zinc efflux genes that belong to another transporter family, the CDF family, have also been identified in yea...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(99)80042-9
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Terpene synthases are the primary enzymes in the formation of low-molecular-weight terpene metabolites. Rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular analysis of terpene synthases has allowed significant investigations of their evolution, structural and mechanistic properties, and regulation. The organization of ter...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.014
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The common controls that are involved in both vegetative and floral development are becoming apparent at the molecular level. Intriguing links are also emerging between developmental events during the juvenile/adult and floral transitions. This progress has made it possible to test the annual model of floral transitio...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(01)00229-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, a host's responses to an attempted infection include activation of various secondary metabolite pathways, some of which are specific for particular plant phylogenetic clades. Phytochemicals that represent respective end products in plant immunity have been stereotypically linked to antimicrobial properties....
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2012.03.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Volatiles from attacked plants, microbes and herbivores can enhance plant defenses. However, the absence of volatiles rather than their presence has sometimes been associated with enhanced defense, suggesting that volatiles may also act as defense suppressors. Recent work provides a potential mechanistic explanation f...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2018.03.008
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pollen grain and the pollen tube that grows from it are complex entities which must respond to a diverse array of signals to carry out their roles in sexual reproduction. Research is beginning to reveal the nature both of the signals and of the signal transduction machinery that converts these signals into directi...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5266(99)00015-1
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of pathogen-induced broad-spectrum resistance in plants. During SAR, primary infection-induced rapid generation and transportation of mobile signal(s) 'prepare' the rest of the plant for subsequent infections. Several, seemingly unrelated, mobile chemical inducers of SAR ha...
journal_title：Current opinion in plant biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.019
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
