Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The present report summarized the best available evidence regarding consumption level and sources of free or added sugars in Indonesia. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN:Information was extracted from food balance sheets, household expenditure surveys, nutrition surveys, published studies, unpublished theses/ dissertations, and government reports. RESULTS:A total of 18 references were obtained, showing varying results. Indonesia's national surveys suggested intakes of sugar below 50 grams per day or below 10% of energy intake. Published studies suggested higher levels of intake. Studies used expenditure surveys or a single day of recall to determine dietary intake. None made use of biomarkers to determine the level of sugar intake. The 2014 Total Diet Study estimated that 11.8% of the population consumed >50 grams sugar per day. Common food sources were table sugar, wheat products, milk products, sweetened drinks, condiments, candies and chocolate products. CONCLUSIONS:Insufficient evidence exists regarding the levels and sources of added sugar intake of different population groups in Indonesia. A nationwide survey using multiple (at least two) 24-hour recalls to allow estimation of usual intake and to identify food sources, and the use of biomarkers to validate intake will provide more accurate information on which to base policy decisions.
journal_name
Asia Pac J Clin Nutrjournal_title
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutritionauthors
Atmarita,Imanningsih N,Jahari AB,Permaesih ID,Chan P,Amarra MSdoi
10.6133/apjcn.042017.07subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-64issue
1eissn
0964-7058issn
1440-6047journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In 2000, India revoked the ban on production and sale of non-iodised salt. We conducted a study in the north 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal to assess the prevalence of goitre, status of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level and to estimate iodine content of salts at the household level. We surveyed 36...
journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.6133/apjcn.112015.03
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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journal_title：Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
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更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
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