Abstract：
:Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES:This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Fu Y,Wang X,Kong Wdoi
10.1111/bph.13988subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
1173-1189issue
8eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
175pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. The polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) activation and mobilization observed in acute cerebral infarction contribute to the brain tissue damage, but PMN could also be involved in postischemic functional injury of ischemied blood vessel. 2. This study was undertaken to investigate whether pharmacological neutropenia...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706124
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-eight isolated rat hearts were perfused with Krebs solution and with [(3)H]-(-)-noradrenaline ([(3)H]-NA) containing 4.5 nCi/ml in 50 ng/ml, as described by Iversen (1963). To groups of six, cocaine was added to [(3)H]-NA in concentrations of 400 nM, 2 and 10 muM. To the rest Tween 80, 25 mug/ml was added to [(3...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb10686.x
更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. First developed as an antiallergic drug, tranilast inhibits chemical mediator release from mast cells. In the present study, we examine the effects of tranilast on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and discuss the application of tranilast for angiogenic diseases. 2. Tranilast inhibited significantly the proliferati...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701493
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have provided evidence for the presence on B cell membrane of adenosine receptors (P1-purinoceptors) of the A1-subtype which inhibit insulin secretion. In this work we have investigated the implication of a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein (G protein) in the A1 purinoceptor-induced inhibit...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11775.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effect of local elevation of leucocyte cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content on the continued migration of leucocytes to a site of acute inflammation was studied in the pleural cavity of rats. 2 Leucocyte cyclic AMP levels were elevated by injecting with the irritant into the pleural cavity d...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07742.x
更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Inhibition of the T- and B-cell interaction through the CD40/CD40 ligand (L) axis is a favourable approach for inflammatory disease treatment. Clinical studies of anti-CD40L molecules in autoimmune diseases have met challenges because of thromboembolic events and adverse haemostasis. VIB4920 (for...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.14897
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Juvenile male rats treated with parachlorophenylalanine showed hair loss round the head and neck extending down the chest and abdomen.2. Treated isolated rats did not have this loss of hair, while untreated animals living in the same cage as treated rats lost their hair. The loss therefore seems to be caused by inc...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb08518.x
更新日期：1970-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Constitutively active mu-opioid receptors (mu* receptors) are reported to be formed following prolonged agonist treatment of cells or whole animals. mu* receptors signal in the absence of activating ligand and a blockade of mu* activation of G-proteins by naloxone and naltrexone has been suggested to underlie the prof...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00067.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effectiveness of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation was compared at different levels of the saphenous and cephalic vein of the dog in vitro. 2. Helically cut strips were used to determine concentration-response curves to phenylephrine, noradrenaline, UK-14,304 (5-bromo-6-(imidazoline-2-ylamino)-quinox...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12719.x
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]nociceptin-(1 - 13)-NH2 (Phepsi), a tridecapeptide analogue of orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N), was introduced as a competitive antagonist of opioid receptor-like orphan receptor (ORL1) in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations in vitro but was recently found to act as an agonist i...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0702746
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Rabbit isolated hearts, perfused by the Langendorff technique, were used to investigate the indirect sympathomimetic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Comparisons were made with noradrenaline and with two indirectly acting sympathomimetic agents with entirely different mechanisms of action, tyramine and dimethy...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07661.x
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:In terms of postjunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in the pulmonary circulation, no evidence is available with regard to the receptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction. Therefore, we characterized the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating contraction in isolated porcine pulmonary veins. EXPE...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0707221
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Male rats treated with guanethidine 25 mg/kg daily for eight weeks had no demonstrable ejaculatory function immediately after cessation of treatment. Four weeks later, ejaculatory function had returned in two-thirds of the males, and after eight weeks, all males were able to deposit sperm in the vagina. However, fe...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08219.x
更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating contractions of the smooth muscle in human prostatic urethra and branches of internal iliac artery were characterized in isometric contraction experiments. 2. Phenylephrine produced concentration-dependent contractions in both the urethra and artery. These responses were ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17053.x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Conscious normotensive cynomolgus monkeys were chronically instrumented for the measurement of arterial blood pressure and heart rate to investigate the relationships between the plasma concentration, suppression of the pressor response to angiotensin II (AII), compensatory increase in plasma AII, and hypotensive e...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14036.x
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease with irreversible and progressive dilation of the artery. But there are few options for efficacious treatment except for traditional surgery. Probucol has been widely applied to treat hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis in clinic, but whet...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.14857
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We investigated the role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) contraction in guinea-pig bronchial strips. 2. Forskolin (3 nM to 1 microM) reduced NANC contraction induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a concentration-dependent fashion (-log EC50 wa...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09027.x
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In a first series of experiments, male Long Evans rats were chronically instrumented for the measurement of internal carotid blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure; cardiovascular changes were assessed during and after 30 min infusions of human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (0.06 and 0.6 nmo...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb13015.x
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hallmark of heart failure is mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a bioenergetics imbalance in the myocardium. Consequently, there is much interest in targeting mitochondrial abnormalities to attenuate the pathogenesis of heart failure. This review discusses (i) how electron microscopy (EM) techniques have been fund...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.14499
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid that displays anti-diabetic properties in vivo. Its mechanism of action on insulin-secreting beta cells is poorly documented. In this work, we have analysed the effects of quercetin both on insulin secretion and on the intracellular calcium concentrat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.12194
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) is a potent vasoconstrictor of cerebral arteries and induces Ca(2+) waves in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying UTP-induced Ca(2+) waves in VSMCs of the rat basilar artery. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Isometric fo...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00063.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine D2-receptors were solubilized from synaptosomal membranes of the bovine caudate nucleus using different detergents. They were labelled with [3H]-spiperone and assayed by polyethylene glycol precipitation. CHAPS was found to be the best solubilizing agent among all detergents used. Optimal conditions for solub...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16222.x
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints, which are complex organs where cartilage, bone and synovium cooperate to allow a range of movements. During progression of the disease, the function of all three main components is jeopardized. Nevertheless, the involvement of each tissue in OA development is s...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.14204
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of the intravenous injection of Kö 1173, a new anticonvulsant drug, phenytoin and procainamide were studied on three types of cardiac arrhythmia in dogs.2. Ventricular ectopic beats produced by intravenous injection of adrenaline in anaesthetized dogs respired with halothane were abolished by Kö 1173, 0...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08114.x
更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Strength-duration curves for threshold mechanical responses to single transmural stimuli were identical for rat and guinea-pig detrusor. In both species atropine had no effect on the curves, but the curves were shifted to the right by nerve blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX), and by blockade of P2-purinoceptors with ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12956.x
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Increasing evidence suggests that an overactive endocannabinoid system (ECS) may contribute to the development of diabetes by promoting energy intake and storage, impairing both glucose and lipid metabolism, by exerting pro-apoptotic effects in pancreatic beta cells and by facilitating inflammation in pancre...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.13226
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In the neuronally isolated cortex of the cat, local application of bemegride, picrotoxin, nikethamide, caffeine and strychnine facilitated the surface positive response of the isolated cortex and lowered the stimulus threshold for this response. Excepting nikethamide, they all produced convulsive discharge in the i...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09897.x
更新日期：1970-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Yawning was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of low doses of apomorphine to rats. This effect decreased with increasing doses of the drug. 2. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment of animals with sulpiride (D2-receptor blocker) reduced the frequency of the yawns induced by apomorphine, while SCH 23390 (D1-rec...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11893.x
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome is known to, both directly and indirectly, affect drug metabolism. More evidence now hints at the effects that drugs can have on the function and c...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.14366
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiovascular dysfunctions. 3-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium bromide (C36), a novel AGE breaker, was investigated for its beneficial effects on the cardiova...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0707533
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
