Abstract：
:The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome is known to, both directly and indirectly, affect drug metabolism. More evidence now hints at the effects that drugs can have on the function and composition of the gut microbiome. Both microbiota-mediated alterations in drug metabolism and drug-mediated alterations in the gut microbiome can have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. Greater insights into the mechanisms driving these reciprocal drug-gut microbiota interactions are needed to guide the development of microbiome-targeted dietary or pharmacological interventions, which may have the potential to enhance drug efficacy or reduce drug side effects. In this review, we explore the relationship between drugs and the gut microbiome, with a specific focus on potential mechanisms underpinning the drug-mediated alterations on the gut microbiome and the potential implications for psychoactive drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Walsh J,Griffin BT,Clarke G,Hyland NPdoi
10.1111/bph.14366subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
4415-4429issue
24eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
175pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated neurotransmission is impaired in anococcygeus muscle from 8-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This study investigated the effects of insulin treatment, and the duration of diabetes on this impairment. In addition, the effect of in vitro exposure to elevated glucose has been inves...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16348.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The measurement of changes in spike generation and membrane resistance in the guinea-pig taenia coli, using the sucrose gap extracellular recording method, has been shown to be a useful way to demonstrate the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of the beta adrenoceptor blocking agents.2. Pronethalol, INPEA, MJ 1999,...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb10332.x
更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In circular smooth muscle of the guinea-pig gastric fundus, transmural nerve stimulation evoked a cholinergic excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.), and blockade of the e.j.p. by atropine revealed a non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory junction potential (i.j.p.). 2. The amplitude of the e.j.p. was inc...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15290.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have investigated the effects of salmeterol (0.3-50 microM) on several pro-inflammatory activities of human neutrophils in vitro. 2. Oxidant production by FMLP- and calcium ionophore (A23187)-activated neutrophils was particularly sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations (0.3-3 microM) of salmeterol, while ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15297.x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphage (cyclic AMP) levels in guinea-pig tracheal rings increased on incubation with the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The effect was potentiated by the addition of theophylline. The results suggest that the tracheo-bronchial relaxant action of VIP may be mediated by stimulation of...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb08471.x
更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We investigated the hypothesis that, as in some other large human arteries, 5-HT-induced contraction of the temporal artery is mediated through two co-existing receptor populations, 5-HT1-like- and 5-HT2A. Temporal arterial segments were obtained from patients undergoing brain surgery and rings prepared set up to c...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15188.x
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Possible interactions between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and endogenous opioids were examined in electrophysiological experiments in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized spinalized rats without or with carrageenan-induced acute inflammation of one hindpaw. Spinal reflex responses, monitored as single ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15494.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Previous studies have shown that the histamine H(1) receptor activates p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in DDT(1)MF-2 smooth muscle cells via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)-dependent pathway. In this study the effect of histamine H(1) receptor stimulation on protein kinase B (PKB) and p70 S...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0704664
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Isolated tissues of the guinea-pig were bathed with Krebs solution at 37 degrees C and subjected to 100 ms pulses of electrical stimulation for 30 min at a frequency of 0.1 or 1.0 Hz. The tissues were then dried, ashed, and the ash analysed for calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.2. Gastric smooth muscle, card...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08124.x
更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of dopamine on vasoconstrictor responses to field stimulation of sympathetic nerves and to exogenous noradrenaline were studied in the isolated ear artery of the rabbit. Responses to noradrenaline were unchanged at the start of the dopamine infusions but were enhanced as the infusions continued and also...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb17314.x
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Inhibitory effects of water-soluble glucocorticoids administered intravenously were examined on skin and airway reactions caused by antigen challenge or chemical mediators in guinea-pigs. 2. Methylprednisolone suleptanate (U-67590A) which is an analogue of methylprednisolone, produced immediate inhibition of 3-h an...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12849.x
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Capsaicin, the irritant principle of hot peppers, is a vanilloid agonist known to activate the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (VR1), recently reported to be involved in neurodegeneration. The present study investigated the role of VR1 in a model of global cerebral ischemia in gerb...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706115
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. To investigate the underlying mechanism for the angiotensin II-induced desensitization of the contractile response during the prolonged stimulation of the vascular smooth muscle, we determined the effects of angiotensin-II on (1) cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension using fura-2-loaded medial strips o...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703092
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Subunit-specific modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABA(A)) receptors can help to assess the physiological function of receptors with different subunit composition and also provide the basis for the development of new drugs. Valerenic acid (VA) was recently identified as a beta...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00865.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Heterologous desensitization or intermolecular cross-talk plays a critical role in regulating intracellular signalling by diverse members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. We have previously established that the alpha and beta isoforms of the human thromboxane A(2) receptor (TP) undergo differential de...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705695
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:While arachidonyl ethanolamine (anandamide) produces pharmacological effects mediated by cannabinoid CB1 receptors, it is also an agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. This study examined the cellular actions of anandamide in the midbrain periaqueductal...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01157.x
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The mechanism of toxicity of sulphur mustard was investigated by examining the biochemical effects of the analog 2-chloroethylethyl sulphide (CEES) in both human Jurkat cells as well as normal human lymphocytes. 2. Exposure of both types of cells to CEES resulted in a marked decrease in the intracellular concentrat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705591
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using an in vitro mouse cerebellar slice preparation and whole-cell electrophysiological recording techniques we have characterized Purkinje and basket cell inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs), and examined the effects of a number of selective peptidergic K+ channel blockers. Spontaneous IPSC amplitude ranged fr...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0702218
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of OSW-1 (3 beta, 16 beta, 17 alpha-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one 16-O-(2-O-4-methoxybenzoyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)- (1-->3)-(2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside)) on the pituitary-ovarian system and the functions of aortic smooth muscle. 2. A single s.c. injection...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701309
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Characterization of the beta-adrenoceptors mediating inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the conscious Heidenhain pouch dog has been investigated by determination of the effects of propranolol, (+)-propranolol, practolol and H35/25 on salbutamol and isoprenaline-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion. 2. ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb08652.x
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. (+)-Tubocurarine, hexamethonium, atropine, ouabain, and removal of potassium from the bathing medium were examined for their effects on indirectly evoked twitches (IT) of mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscles in the presence or absence of neostigmine. 2. Neostigmine increased the amplitude of IT. The twitch potenti...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11798.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of pinacidil on noradrenaline-induced tone, smooth muscle membrane potential and 42K- and 86Rb-efflux from isolated mesenteric resistance vessels (internal diameter 200 microns) of the rat have been studied. 2. Pinacidil (0.3-10 microM) produced concentration-dependent suppression of noradrenaline-induc...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb16553.x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The sonic hedgehog pathway (Shh) plays a central role in maintaining stem cell function and behaviour in various processes related to self-renewal and tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic effect of Shh on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has not yet been clearly elucidated. Thus, we in...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.14423
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Previous findings suggest that the growth and differentiation factor midkine (Mdk) is a negative regulator of osteoblast activity and bone formation, thereby raising the possibility that a specific Mdk antagonist might improve bone formation during fracture healing. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:In the ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13503
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this issue MacMillan and McCarron in 2010 demonstrated that the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122 can potently inhibit Ca(2+) release from isolated smooth muscle cells independent of its effect on PLC. Their data suggest that the PLC inhibitor can block the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pu...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00795.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have demonstrated previously that infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) into hyperlipidemic mice augments atherosclerosis and results in the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of aldosterone in these AngII-induced vascular pathologies. Male apolipoprotein...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706098
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of ryanodine on changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) and muscle tension induced by maximum concentrations of phenylephrine (Phe; 1 microM), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, 10 microM), caffeine (Caf, 30 mM) and isoprenaline (Iso, 1 microM) were examined in rat aortic strips using fura-2. 2. In...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14075.x
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In the present work, we have studied the expression of Fos during acute and chronic administration of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50488H and after U-5088H withdrawal in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Fos production was also studied in brainstem regions that innervate the PVN: the A(2) c...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705179
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of an additional duplicated alpha-2 adrenoceptor subtype in the zebrafish raises a pesky nomenclature issue, as well as questions about the functions of the alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the zebrafish and how many alpha-2 receptors does an organism really need. ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706060
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiological regulation of the immune system encompasses comprehensive anti-inflammatory mechanisms that can be harnessed for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies indicate that the vagal nerve, involved in control of heart rate, hormone secretion and gastrointestinal motility, is...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0707264
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
