Abstract：
UNLABELLED:Increasing evidence suggests that an overactive endocannabinoid system (ECS) may contribute to the development of diabetes by promoting energy intake and storage, impairing both glucose and lipid metabolism, by exerting pro-apoptotic effects in pancreatic beta cells and by facilitating inflammation in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes has also been implicated in triggering perturbations of the ECS amplifying the pathological processes mentioned above, eventually culminating in a vicious circle. Compelling evidence from preclinical studies indicates that the ECS also influences diabetes-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and subsequent tissue injury in target organs for diabetic complications. In this review, we provide an update on the contribution of the ECS to the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and cardiovascular complications. The therapeutic potential of targeting the ECS is also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES:This article is part of a themed section on Endocannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.7/issuetoc.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Gruden G,Barutta F,Kunos G,Pacher Pdoi
10.1111/bph.13226subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
1116-27issue
7eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
173pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. We compared the ability of rat amylin, rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and rat and salmon calcitonins to elevate cyclic AMP levels and to inhibit [U-14C]-glucose incorporation into glycogen in insulin-stimulated intact rat soleus muscle and in two cell lines derived from rodent skeletal muscle, L6 and C2...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15270.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effect of the potassium channel openers, NIP-121 and cromakalim, on agonist-induced relaxation of the guinea-pig isolated trachea was investigated and the results were compared with those in the epithelium-denuded trachea. 2. Tracheal strips were incubated with a potassium channel opener or vehicle for 30 min i...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13416.x
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Skins of the lizard Anolis carolinensis darken in vitro in response to melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH), a peptide hormone, as well as to catecholamines. These hormones darken Anolis skins by dispersing the sub-cellular organelle, the melanosome, out into the dendritic processes of the dermal melanophores.2. D...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09565.x
更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of intracameral injections of prostaglandins E(1), E(2), F(1a), F(2a), and A(1) were studied on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of rabbits anaesthetized with urethane.2. With the exception of prostaglandin F(1a), all the prostaglandins studied were found to be capable of producing a large, sustained rise...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1969.tb09533.x
更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We examined the gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and ulcerogenic responses following barrier disruption induced by sodium taurocholate (TC) in diabetic rats and investigated the role of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons in these responses. 2. Animals were injected streptozotocin (STZ: 70 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and use...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701974
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present work describes the effects of inhibitors (amiloride and ethylisopropylamiloride) and activators (quinoxaline and phenylephrine) of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger on the outflow of dopamine in rat kidney slices loaded with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). 2. Incubation of kidney slices loaded with 50 microM L-...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13608.x
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of advanced glycation endproducts, has been shown to prevent arterial stiffening and cardiac hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Our aims were to examine whether AG produced benefits on cardiac pumping mechan...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjp.2008.119
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of [3H]-iloprost (ZK36374) to NCB-20 membranes revealed a single population of high affinity receptors (KD = 9.55 nM, Bmax = 431 fmol mg-1 protein) and a low affinity, non-saturable binding component. Desensitization of prostacyclin-responsiveness of NCB-20 cells is induced by culture in the presence of th...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08852.x
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The responses of bladder strips from control, streptozotocin-diabetic, and sucrose-drinking rats to electrical field stimulation were investigated. Sucrose-drinking rats were included as additional controls because they have enlarged bladders as a result of non-diabetic diuresis. 2. Bladder strips from diabetic rat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb16193.x
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands perfused at a high rate (4 ml min-1) at 37 degrees C with modified Krebs solutions lacking Ca and containing 1.2 mM K (hyperpolarizing solution) or 118 mM K (depolarizing solution) was triggered by 10-s pulses of Ca (0.5 mM) in the presence of 118 mM K. Hyperpolarized g...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11874.x
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was examined in human cerebral cortex slices by a [3H]-inositol prelabelling assay. 2. Enhancement of [3H]-inositol phosphates accumulation was observed in the presence of carbachol, noradrenaline, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and depolarizing concentrations of KCl. 3. Desp...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12048.x
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A quantitative in vitro study has been made of the actions of glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitrite on vascular smooth muscle (dog femoral artery and saphenous vein; rat portal vein); these have been compared with the actions of papaverine, isoprenaline, salbutamol, pentaerythritol tetranitrate and trimetazidine. ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb16760.x
更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The concentration-response curves for rate of mucus output, labelled-glycoprotein output and smooth muscle contraction in response to methacholine, phenylephrine and salbutamol were determined in the ferret trachea in vitro. 2. The potencies of methacholine and phenylephrine are both in order: smooth muscle contrac...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11530.x
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of beta-adrenoceptor agonists to reduce the fusion of incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus muscle of the cat has been used previously as a model to assess the potential tremor producing effect of sympathomimetic bronchodilators. The ability of (-)-isoprenaline, (-)-adrenaline, (+/-)-soterenol and ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb07297.x
更新日期：1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis of negative feedback regulation of noradrenaline release was studied in guinea-pig left atrial halves mounted in vitro. Tissues were transmurally stimulated with 30, 100 or 300 pulses at 2 Hz with pulse durations ranging from 50 mus to 2,000 mus, and the efflux of 3H-transmitter determined. The efflux o...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10545.x
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of melanotrophin release inhibiting factor (MIF) and its cyclic analogue cyclo (Leu-Gly) on tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Tolerance to morphine was induced by implantation of four morphine pellets (each containing 75 mg of morphine free base) ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09152.x
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake inhibitors, agonists and antagonists have been evaluated on mouse marble-burying behaviour, a putative test for anxiolytic agents. The high levels of locomotor activity occurring on first exposure to a circular runway (runway were used as a separate test of non-speci...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12392.x
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After many years of effort, recent technical breakthroughs have enabled the X-ray crystal structures of three G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (beta1 and beta2 adrenergic and adenosine A(2a)) to be solved in addition to rhodopsin. GPCRs, like other membrane proteins, have lagged behind soluble drug targets such as ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00476.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of capsaicin on voltage-gated Ca2+ currents (ICa), and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones of the rat were examined in vitro by use of combined patch clamp-microfluorometric recordings. 2. Under voltage-clamp conditions, capsaicin (0.1-10 microM) ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12725.x
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Aucubin, the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., has been shown to have profound effects on oxidative stress. As oxidative stress has previously been demonstrated to contribute to acute and chronic myocardial injury, we tested the effects of aucubin on cardiac remodelling and heart ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.14164
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacological properties (i.e. the AV nodal depressant, vasodilator, and inotropic effects) of two AV nodal blocking agents belonging to different drug classes; a novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1 receptor) agonist, N-(3(R)-tetrahydrofuranyl)-6-aminopurine riboside (CVT-...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0702287
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelet-activating factor (Paf) has been proposed as a mediator of the gastrointestinal damage in endotoxic shock. The formation of Paf in rat jejunal tissue, determined following extraction and bioassay on rabbit washed platelets has therefore been correlated with the induction of damage following endotoxin administ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11287.x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The potencies of some beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs in reducing noradrenaline uptake by the isolated heart were compared with their potencies in reducing the release of noradrenaline from the heart by tyramine.2. Of the drugs tested, propranolol, pronethalol and dichloroisoprenaline were the most potent in blo...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb07957.x
更新日期：1968-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are widely expressed, including in the CNS, where they potentiate fear responses. They also contribute to other non-selective cation channels that are stimulated by G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and lipid and redox factors. Steroids ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01136.x
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The affinities of a number of alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists were determined by displacement of [3H]-prazosin binding from cloned human alpha 1A-adrenoceptors (previously designated cloned alpha 1c subtype), alpha 1B alpha 1D and rat alpha 1D-adrenoceptors, stably expressed in rat-1 fibroblasts. Functional affini...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15907.x
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. This study investigates the effect of partially metabolic controlled long-term (34 weeks) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on relaxation and contractile responses of isolated coronary arteries to seven different vasoactive agents. 2. The average fasting and non-fasting blood glucose concentrations (mM) were si...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0703159
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The binding of [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]-5-HT), [3H]-haloperidol and [3H]-dopamine to human blood platelets was investigated and the effects of unlabelled haloperidol on [3H]-5-HT binding and (+)- and (-)-butaclamol on [3H]-haloperidol were studied. 2 Scatchard analysis did not show any specific binding of [3H]...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb07812.x
更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initiation of 60 min ischaemia to rat isolated hearts produced a depression in developed tension and heart rate. Subsequent reperfusion caused a greatly exacerbated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) efflux and limited functional recovery. Sulphinpyrazone (100 ng ml-1 and 1 microgram ml-1) significantly reduced CPK release,...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10138.x
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A series of GABAB receptor antagonists were tested against (+/-)-baclofen for activity on the presynaptic GABAB receptor in the rat vas deferens. 2. All the antagonists tested caused a rightward shift in the concentration-response curve to (+/-)-baclofen. 3. pA2 values calculated from full Schild analysis were as f...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12224.x
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The cannabinoid receptor-mediated analgesic effects of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are limited by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). 4-nitrophenyl 4-[bis (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl) (hydroxy) methyl] piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) is a potent inhibitor of MAGL in the mouse, though potency is reporte...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02179.x
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
