Abstract:
:In alpine regions, elevational gradients in environmental parameters are reflected by structural and functional changes in plant traits. Elevational changes in plant water relations have also been demonstrated, but comparable information on root hydraulics is generally lacking. We analyzed the hydraulic efficiency (specific hydraulic conductivity k s, entire root system conductance K R) and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism (water potential at 50 % loss of conductivity Ψ 50) of the roots of Pinus cembra trees growing along an elevational transect of 600 m. Hydraulic parameters of the roots were compared with those of the stem and related to anatomical traits {mean conduit diameter (d), wall reinforcement [(t/b)(2)]}. We hypothesized that temperature-related restrictions in root function would cause a progressive limitation of hydraulic efficiency and safety with increasing elevation. We found that both root k s and K R decreased from low (1600 m a.s.l.: k s 5.6 ± 0.7 kg m(-1) s(-1) MPa(-1), K R 0.049 ± 0.005 kg m(-2) s (-1) MPa(-1)) to high elevation (2100 m a.s.l.: k s 4.2 ± 0.6 kg m(-1) s(-1) MPa(-1), K R 0.035 ± 0.006 kg m(-2) s(-1) MPa(-1)), with small trees showing higher K R than large trees. k s was higher in roots than in stems (0.5 ± 0.05 kg m(-1)s(-1)MPa(-1)). Ψ 50 values were similar across elevations and overall less negative in roots (Ψ 50 -3.6 ± 0.1 MPa) than in stems (Ψ 50 -3.9 ± 0.1 MPa). In roots, large-diameter tracheids were lacking at high elevation and (t/b)(2) increased, while d did not change. The elevational decrease in root hydraulic efficiency reflects a limitation in timberline tree hydraulics. In contrast, hydraulic safety was similar across elevations, indicating that avoidance of hydraulic failure is important for timberline trees. As hydraulic patterns can only partly be explained by the anatomical parameters studied, limitations and/or adaptations at the pit level are likely.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Losso A,Nardini A,Nolf M,Mayr Sdoi
10.1007/s00442-015-3513-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
1091-102issue
4eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/s00442-015-3513-1journal_volume
180pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::We assessed the combined effects of varying the relative density and the relative floral morphological complexity of plant species on the behaviour of their bumblebee pollinators. Three species of bumblebee (Bombus pascuorum, B. terrestris and B. hortorum) were observed foraging on experimental arrays consisting of pa...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050691
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forest destruction and disturbance can have long-term consequences for species diversity and ecosystem processes such as seed dispersal. Understanding these consequences is a crucial component of conserving vulnerable ecosystems. In the heavily fragmented and disturbed Kakamega Forest, western Kenya, we studied seed d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0288-9
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moths eclosed earlier from pupae of the bertha armyworm,Mamestra configurata, that were exposed briefly (1 to 5 days) to a warm temperature (15 or 20°C) at the beginning of postdiapause pupal-adult metamorphosis and then incubated at 10 or 12.5°C than from pupae incubated at 10 or 12.5°C throughout metamorphosis. The ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01036750
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Principal and reduced major axes, and Bulmer's (1975) tests have been suggested as methods for detecting the presence of density dependence in a series of population censuses that are unsuitable for analysis by alternative means e.g. by k-factor analysis. These alternative methods are tested using census data, some of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378937
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONCLUSION:For the abovementioned reasons, and with all due respect to the scholarship of Mansson and McGlade, who display a deep knowledge of thermodynamics and ecology, I cannot agree that Odum's use of energy concepts is "wholly discredited". Refinements from microscopic thermodynamics may not have been faithfully c...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328970
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological responses to elevated CO2 at the leaf and canopy-level were studied in an intact pine (Pinus taeda) forest ecosystem exposed to elevated CO2 using a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technique. Normalized canopy water-use of trees exposed to elevated CO2 over an 8-day exposure period was similar to that of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328578
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding community dynamics during early life stages of trees is critical for the prediction of future species composition. In Mediterranean forests drought is a major constraint for regeneration, but likely not the only factor determining the observed spatial patterns. We carried out a sowing experiment aimed at...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3064-x
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specialist herbivores are known to alter their host's wound-induced responses but the beneficiaries of these alterations are unknown. Nicotiana attenuata plants release a burst of ethylene specifically in response to feeding by Manduca sexta larvae, which is known to suppress wound- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-inducib...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420000581
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of leaf water potential (Ψ), osmotic potential (π) and turgor pressure (P) on relative water content (RWC) was determined for leaves of tall and short growth forms of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. from a site on Canary Creek marsh in Lewes, Delaware. Tall plants (ca. 1.5 m) occured along a drainage ditc...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00384269
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some factors influencing the species richness of West African fish communities were studied in a sample of 26 rivers using four habitat and hydrologic variables. Analysis of a larger sample of 39 rivers showed that species richness was positively related to area. A power function with an exponent of 0.32 gave the best...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388483
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The compensatory growth potential of a grazed fungal biomass was mathematically expressed as a function of patchiness in its distribution and demonstrated in an experiment using the fungivorous collembolan Onychiurus armatus and the soil fungi Verticillium bulbillosum and Penicillium spinulosum. The model addresses th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317684
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the response of dark respiration (R(d)) to temperature and foliage characteristics in the upper canopies of tree species in temperate rainforest communities in New Zealand along a soil chronosequence (six sites from 6 years to 120,000 years). The chronosequence provided a vegetation gradient characterised ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1803-0
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In long-lived species, adult survival is the population parameter having the highest elasticity, and therefore, it can be expected to be least affected by climatic variations. We studied the dynamics and survival of breeding female common eiders Somateria mollissima mollissima in the Baltic Sea from 1960 to 2007. Usin...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1265-x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stage-by-stage protocol for identifying simple or biased lottery, or non-lottery, patterns of seedling recruitment is outlined. For a simple (weighted) lottery to apply, the proportion of total individuals accounted for by one species at one stage of recruitment plotted against the proportion accounted for at a prev...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328815
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interrelationships between morphology, microhabitat, water relations, and photosynthesis of a xeric fern, Notholaena parryi D.C. Eat. (Pteridaceae), were examined in the western Colorado desert. In its typical microhabitat rock outcroppings protected N. parryi from direct sunlight and moderated the diurnal variations ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346249
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myrmecophytic symbioses are widespread in tropical ecosystems and their diversity makes them useful tools for understanding the origin and evolution of mutualisms. Obligate ant-plants, or myrmecophytes, provide a nesting place, and, often, food to a limited number of plant-ant species. In exchange, plant-ants protect ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1739-5
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sources of variation in floral nectar production were investigated in a natural population of Epilobium canum (Onagraceae), a hummingbird-pollinated herbaceous shrub. Field measurements showed significant phenotypic variation among plants in floral nectar production rates. Average variance among flowers within plants ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050185
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of litter has the potential to alter the population dynamics of plants. In this paper, we explore the effects of litter on population dynamics using a simple experimental laboratory system with populations of the annual crucifer, Cardamine pensylvanica. Using a factorial experiment with four densities and...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00008877
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonindigenous species can cause major changes to community interactions and ecosystem processes. The strong impacts of these species are often attributed to their high demographic success. While the importance of enemy release in facilitating invasions has often been emphasized, few studies have addressed the role of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2939-1
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The climatic control of productivity for two populations of the lichen Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach. growing in the arctic tundra of northern Alaska (70°28'N, 157°23'W) was examined. Respiratory losses of carbon vary with tissue temperature, tissue water content, and time since wetting. Potential net photosynthetic ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00348040
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female lifetime reproductive success in a small population of individually-marked adders in southern Sweden was studied over a period of seven years. Reproductive characteristics varied little from year to year and were consistent through time in individual females. Most females mature at four years of age and reprodu...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317260
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile habitat use and early life migratory behaviors of successfully recruited adult fish provide unique insight into critical habitats for a population, and this information allows restoration plans to be tailored to maximize benefits. Retrospective analysis of adult otolith chemistry combined with fish-otolith gr...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3443-y
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well-documented from theoretical studies that pathogens have the capacity to generate cycles, the occurrence and role of pathogens and disease have been poorly empirically studied in cyclic voles and lemmings. In screening for the occurrence of disease in cyclic vole and lemming populations, we found th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0493-1
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts that species diversity is maximized at moderate disturbance levels. This model is often applied to grassy ecosystems, where disturbance can be important for maintaining vascular plant composition and diversity. However, effects of disturbance type and frequency on...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1260-2
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the performance of two estimators of species richness, the Chao2 and the Coleman 'random placement curve'. Using a dataset of intertidal fish from the Norwegian Skagerrak coast, we found that Chao2 was effective for low sampling intensity, often reaching asymptotic values for few samples, but for higher sa...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0049-9
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bay scallops (Argopecten irradians concentricus) are patchily distributed on two dominant spatial scales: (1) geographically restricted to highly saline marine lagoons, and (2) locally abundant within such lagoons only in relatively discrete beds of seagrass habitat. In the Cape Lookout lagoonal system of North Caroli...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100742
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predator-generated variation in prey energy intake remains the dominant explanation of adaptive response to predation risk in prey life history, morphology and physiology across a wide range of taxa. This "behavioural hypothesis" suggest that chemical or visual signals of predation risk reduce prey energy intake leadi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0642-6
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue) is a perennial caespitose grass, common in semi-arid rangelands of the Intermountain West. To determine how individuals are recruited into a population, we studied two long-term monitoring plots that were established in 1937 at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in southeaste...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1332-2
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operative temperature of the environment was estimated for starlings using hollow, unheated taxidermic mounts. On average, adults foraging in full sun were characterized by shorter foraging bouts than those adults foraging in full shade. Simultaneous observations of air temperature, operative temperature, and the ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377289
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared to terrestrial environments, grazing intensity on belowground plant parts may be particularly strong in aquatic environments, which may have great effects on plant-community structure. We observed that the submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton pectinatus, which mainly reproduces with tubers, often grows at interm...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1010-5
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00