Abstract：
:Postpartum hemorrhage is common and can occur in patients without risk factors for hemorrhage. Active management of the third stage of labor should be used routinely to reduce its incidence. Use of oxytocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder is the most important and effective component of this practice. Oxytocin is more effective than misoprostol for prevention and treatment of uterine atony and has fewer adverse effects. Routine episiotomy should be avoided to decrease blood loss and the risk of anal laceration. Appropriate management of postpartum hemorrhage requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The Four T's mnemonic can be used to identify and address the four most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage (uterine atony [Tone]; laceration, hematoma, inversion, rupture [Trauma]; retained tissue or invasive placenta [Tissue]; and coagulopathy [Thrombin]). Rapid team-based care minimizes morbidity and mortality associated with postpartum hemorrhage, regardless of cause. Massive transfusion protocols allow for rapid and appropriate response to hemorrhages exceeding 1,500 mL of blood loss. The National Partnership for Maternal Safety has developed an obstetric hemorrhage consensus bundle of 13 patient- and systems-level recommendations to reduce morbidity and mortality from postpartum hemorrhage.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Evensen A,Anderson JM,Fontaine Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
442-449issue
7eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d12878journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disease affecting Jewish infants of eastern European ancestry. While the disease may go unrecognized until nearly one year of age, death occurs by age three or four. Community screening programs have been organized to detect carriers of this autosomal recessive trait. Prenatal diag...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizure patterns usually reflect known functions of the involved areas of the brain. The causes of epilepsy vary with the age at onset. For the purposes of determining drug therapy, seizures are divided into three groups. Focal and tonic-clonic seizures respond to one group of drugs, and absence seizures respond to an...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peritonsillar abscess remains the most common deep infection of the head and neck. The condition occurs primarily in young adults, most often during November to December and April to May, coinciding with the highest incidence of streptococcal pharyngitis and exudative tonsillitis. A peritonsillar abscess is a polymicr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute pancreatitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by midepigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. Numerous etiologies have been linked with this entity, principally alcoholism and biliary disease. Once the clinical suspicion of pancreatitis is confirmed, supportive therapy with intravenous hydration and close observ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-induced injury of one or more of the extremities may represent a distinct variety of Munchausen syndrome. The nature of the injury may be infectious, dermatologic or orthopedic. The mechanism may be secondary gain or another unconscious motivation that causes a craving for attention. In many cases, the underlying...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary immunodeficiencies include a variety of disorders that render patients more susceptible to infections. If left untreated, these infections may be fatal. The disorders constitute a spectrum of more than 80 innate defects in the body's immune system. Primary immunodeficiencies generally are considered to be rela...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries to the head and neck are common in sports. Sideline physicians must be attentive and prepared with an organized approach to detect and manage these injuries. Because head and neck injuries often occur simultaneously, the sideline physician can combine the head and neck evaluations. When assessing a conscious ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although many physicians consider constipation a trivial problem, it is one of the most frequent and chronic digestive disorders in the United States, affecting 4.53 million people and causing considerable morbidity. More than $200 million are spent for over-the-counter laxatives and untold millions of dollars are spe...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and permanent destruction of the pancreas resulting in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and, often, chronic disabling pain. The etiology is multifactorial. Alcoholism plays a significant role in adults, whereas genetic and structural defects predominate in children. The aver...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physicians can create their own personal formulary by rigorously selecting and regularly using one or two drugs for each clinical condition they commonly encounter. The primary and secondary medical literature provides the necessary information to create this formulary. Primary literature sources include peer-reviewed...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening conditions characterized by disordered eating and weight-control behaviors that impair physical health and psychosocial functioning. Early intervention may decrease the risk of long-term pathology and disability. Clinicians should interpret disordered eating and body i...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many cases, the family physician will set the tone for rehabilitation of the stroke patient. It is imperative that the physician understand the recovery process, as well as the nature, benefits and limitations of rehabilitation. Since there are no precise predictors of individual outcome, no patient should be exclu...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of sleep apnea should be considered when a patient complains of snoring and excessive daytime somnolence. Middle-aged obese men are at particular risk, although apnea can occur in women and the elderly, as well as in persons who are not obese. An overnight polysomnographic sleep study can reveal the degr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years, there were no guidelines for evaluating patients with chronic neck pain. However, in the past 15 years, considerable research has led to recommendations regarding whiplash-associated disorders. This article summarizes the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria for chronic neck pain. Ima...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia usually is discovered during a routine serum chemistry profile. Often, there has been no previous suspicion of this disorder. In most patients initially believed to be asymptomatic, previously unrecognized symptoms resolve with surgical correcti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Portal hypertension is a frequent consequence of liver disease, especially alcoholic cirrhosis. Unabated elevations in portal pressure may presage an esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Propranolol or isosorbide therapy is effective in the prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. In patients with acute variceal hemorrhage, endos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children six months to four years of age are at greatest risk for aspiration of foreign bodies. A history of coughing after contact with small objects is the most important clue. The clinical presentation varies from paroxysms of choking and coughing to chronic cough or wheezing. Chest radiographs are normal in up to ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many patients require sedation during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ideally, procedural sedation minimizes the patient's awareness and discomfort while maintaining the patient's safety. Appropriate monitoring by trained personnel is the key to successful procedural sedation. These techniques should be used onl...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some skin conditions, such as blistering diseases, guttate and pustular psoriasis, exfoliative erythroderma, reactive erythemas and acute contact dermatitis have an acute onset and require prompt intervention. Acute vesicular or weeping dermatoses are best treated with cool, wet compresses and topical lotions, whereas...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a progressive disease affecting 5 to 10 percent of women. It can cause dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, low back pain and infertility. A definitive diagnosis can be made only by means of laparoscopy. Medical treatment designed to interfere with ovulation generally provides effective pain relief, but the rec...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Health care-associated infections cause approximately 75,000 deaths annually, in addition to increasing morbidity and costs. Over the past decade, a downward trend in health care-associated infections has occurred nationwide. Basic prevention measures include administrative support, educating health care personnel, an...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The birth of a child with any developmental disability is an occasion of marked trauma to parents. Early, honest and frank counseling is imperative, and the family physician can play a unique role in this counseling process. When the physician is not knowledgeable in a paretcular case, he or she should seek expert hel...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vomiting, amnesia, a history of falls and other injuries, and depression and anxiety may all be clues to a drinking problem. Decreased work performance, absenteeism and difficulty in getting along with others may be present. Coming to grips with the problem is essential. Once the patient accepts the need for abstinenc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ganglioneuroblastoma, although a rare neoplasm, is one of the most common causes of posterior mediastinal masses in children. This tumor occurs in children from one to 10 years of age. With intrathoracic involvement, the tumor may remain asymptomatic until it is large. The case reported illustrates a typical presentat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia that adversely affects cardiac function and increases the risk of stroke. It is the most common arrhythmia and a major source of morbidity and mortality; its prevalence increases with age. Pulse rate is sensitive, but not specific, for diagnosis, and suspected atria...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Every year in the United States, at least 250,000 deaths are attributed to lack of physical activity. Because of the health benefits of physical activity, national guidelines recommend participation in 30 minutes of accumulated moderate-intensity physical activity such as walking fast on five or more days of the week....
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to properly apply casts and splints is a technical skill easily mastered with practice and an understanding of basic principles. The initial approach to casting and splinting requires a thorough assessment of the injured extremity for proper diagnosis. Once the need for immobilization is ascertained, casti...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine is safe and effective for reducing the pain associated with newborn circumcision. Administering the anesthesia adds little time or expense to the overall routine. Complications are minor, limited to local bleeding and hematoma formation. Family physicians performing circumcisio...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Caring for the problem drinker in the perioperative period is a challenging task. If alcohol abuse is suspected, a careful assessment is indicated before surgery is performed. Both the CAGE and SMAST questionnaires are good screening tools for alcoholism. Preoperative evaluation of alcohol-dependent patients should in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
