Abstract：
:Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+ T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Rutz S,Ouyang Wdoi
10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
89-116eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
941pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Fungi that tolerate very high environmental NaCl concentrations are good model systems to study mechanisms that enable them to endure osmotic and salinity stress. The whole genome sequences of six such fungal species have been analysed: Hortaea werneckii, Wallemia ichthyophaga and four Aureobasidium spp.: A. pullulans...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_13
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The integrity of the intestinal mucosa depends on a functional coordination of the epithelium, lumenal microorganisms, and the local immune system. The mammalian immune system is superbly organized for innate and adaptive recognition of microbial antigens, a defensive capacity that must be balanced against the tissue ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/0-387-33778-4_13
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In today's biology, studies have shifted to analyzing systems over discrete biochemical reactions and pathways. These studies depend on combining the results from scores of experimental methods that analyze DNA; mRNA; noncoding RNAs, DNA, RNA, and protein interactions; and the nucleotide modifications that form the ep...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-8778-4_2
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this brief review, I focused on the abdominal expiratory motor pattern in the rat. In the vagotomized adult rat, hypercapnic acidosis evoked two patterns of the abdominal expiratory activity; one with low amplitude expiratory discharge (E-all activity) that persisted throughout the expiratory phase, and another wit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_31
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of sensory stimulation on the release of amino acids from sensori-motor and visual cortices have been studied using a superfusion technique. Electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus contra-lateral to the superfusion cannula increased significantly the release of glutamate and glutamine from the sensor...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-5199-1_15
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wound healing is a complex process with the considerable burden on healthcare system. There are several cellular therapy methods that have been introduced to treat different types of wounds. Despite the advantages of cellular therapy, it is needed to overcome different limitations of this method such as; tumorigenicit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_251
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pioneered by the classical mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), various stem cell lines representing the peri- and postimplantation stages of embryogenesis have been established. To gain insight into the gene regulatory network operating in these cells, we first investigated epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), performing ChIP...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_17
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Telocytes are a peculiar stromal (interstitial) cell type implicated in tissue homeostasis and development, as well as in the pathophysiology of several disorders. Severe damage and reduction of telocytes have been reported during fibrotic remodeling of multiple organs in various diseases, including scleroderma, Crohn...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_4
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter explores the concepts, processes, tools and challenges relating to the validation of alternative methods for toxicity and safety testing. In general terms, validation is the process of assessing the appropriateness and usefulness of a tool for its intended purpose. Validation is routinely used in various ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_4
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer death worldwide. In metastatic breast cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be captured from patient blood samples sequentially over time and thereby serve as surrogates to assess the biology of surviving cancer cells that may still persist in solitary or multiple me...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_5
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of hypoxia on the in vivo radiation response of tumors is demonstrated both for the measurement of cell survival and growth delay following treatment. Results using these endpoints for the KHT Sarcoma are then presented to demonstrate the effect of various parameters which are expected to control tumor oxyg...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-7790-0_3
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RPE65 is essential for both rod- and cone-mediated vision. So far, more than 120 disease-associated mutations have been identified in the human RPE65 gene. Differential clinical manifestations suggested that some patients suffer from null mutations while others retain residual RPE65 activity and some useful vision. To...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_45
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)), a potentially important parameter in clinical practice, can be measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Various devices use the multi-distance approach based on the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation [1, 2]. When determining the absorption coefficient (...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_24
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteoglycans consist of a protein core to which at least one glycosaminoglycan chain is attached. They play important roles in the physiology and biomechanical function of tendons, ligaments and cardiovascular system through their involvement in regulation of assembly and maintenance of extracellular matrix, and as t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-7893-1_4
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences in cardiovascular diseases can be classified as those which are specific to one sex and those that differ in incidence, prevalence, etiology, symptomatology, response to treatment, morbidity, and mortality in one sex compared to the other. All sex differences in cardiovascular conditions have their bas...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_27
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have changed the landscape of cancer therapy. With advances in the understanding of tumour biology and its microenvironment, different categories of mAbs have been developed; a first category is directed against tumour cells themselves, a second one comprises antibodies blocking...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_9
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use of urea as a nonprotein supplement in the feeding of beef cattle and other ruminant animals is a technique of practical application. Urea has also been used in human feeding studies. Its early employment was that of an added source of amino nitrogen in studies designed to determine minimum requirements of the esse...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_7
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：KEY POINTS:The beginning of the twenty-first century offered new advances in cancer research, including the expansion of the knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because TMEs provide the niches in which cancer cells, fibroblast, lymphocyte, and immune cells reside, they play a key role in cancer cell devel...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin A is metabolized to several biologically active compounds, the best known of which is retinoic acid. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of tumor cells and to induce a more differentiated phenotype in several tumor types. Vitamin D is metabolized to the active compound 1,25-dihydrox...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0949-7_1
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance often results in failure of anticancer chemotherapy in leukemias. A large number of studies have been published on the effect of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression on prognosis in AML. However, a consensus has been difficult to reach, due to the variable results obtained by different laboratories. Pgp exp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_7
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no doubt that feeding and nutrient availability modify the metabolism through hormonal changes. It is otherwise interesting to better define the influence of the imposed or freely chosen meal distribution during the day; in fact the daily feed intake in a relatively short time, namely during the daylight, see...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/0-306-46832-8_27
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS) system is difficult to make a measurement into 10 s or less at the moment, the system has a great advantage that it measures absolute values of hemoglobin concentrations. In the present study, using a device equipped with a TRS system, we examined individual di...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_36
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After an RNA is transcribed, it undergoes a variety of processing steps that can change the encoded protein sequence (through alternative splicing and RNA editing), regulate the stability of the RNA, and control subcellular localization, timing, and rate of translation. The recent explosion in genomics techniques has ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-29073-7_1
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous receptors in the foot sole appear to contribute to the control of human stance and locomotion. Two approaches were undertaken to establish the characteristics of the receptors in the sole. Psychophysical vibrotactile thresholds (range 25-400 Hz) were determined across the unloaded sole in young and elderly s...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_14
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genetic factors play an important role in determining the outcome of infections caused by intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria and salmonellae (reviewed in 1). The genetic elements involved and the mechanisms by which these control disease-susceptibility versus resistance, however, remain incompletely...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0059-9_24
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroencephalography (EEG) studies in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients show an attenuation of average power within the alpha band (7.5-13 Hz) and an increase of power in the theta band (4-7 Hz). Significant body of evidence suggest that thalamocortical circuitry underpin the generation and modulation of alpha and t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-0164-3_6
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a new 4-dimensional differentiation model of growth-cartilage cells (temporally and spatially regulated). composed of a high-density suspension culture of rabbit costal chondrocytes. In this system, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) stimulated proliferation and m...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-3398-6_10
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_3
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We discuss various methods which can be employed for the comparative analysis of samples of response curves. In the application discussed here, these curves are hazard functions, each generated by the survival data obtained for a cohort of experimental subjects which are fed a specific diet. It is demonstrated how com...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1959-5_12
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related impairment of central functions is though to result from alterations of neurochemical indices of synaptic function. These neurochemical modifications involve structural proteins, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and related receptors. Several studies demonstrated that GABA receptors, glutamic acid decarbox...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_20
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
