Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Cancer is a leading cause of death with substantial financial costs. While significant data exist on the economic burden of care, less is known about the indirect costs of treatment and, specifically, the effect on work productivity of patients and their caregivers. To examine the full effect of cancer and the potential value of new therapies, all aspects of care, including indirect costs and patient-reported outcomes, should be evaluated. OBJECTIVE:To perform a systematic review of the literature examining the effect of cancer treatment on work productivity in patients and their caregivers. METHODS:Articles, abstracts, and bibliographies were searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, and conference lists from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, and Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy up to January 2016. The PRISMA guidelines were used. Controlled search terminology included individual pharmacologic therapies for cancer and terms related to patient and caregiver work productivity. Citations were included if they evaluated the effect of cancer treatment on work productivity, used and described productivity assessments and instruments, and were written in English. Studies that reported only clinical outcomes or assessed only nonpharmacological treatments were excluded. Identified studies were screened and extracted for study inclusion by 2 independent reviewers, with adjudication by 2 secondary reviewers during the final eligibility phase. RESULTS:Of 978 potential citations, 62 articles or abstracts were included. Forty-six studies (74.2%) evaluated patient-related productivity; 10 studies (16.1%) focused on caregivers, and 6 studies (9.7%) were a combination. Sixteen countries contributed literature, including 26 studies (41.2%) conducted in the United States. The most commonly studied cancer was breast cancer (53.2%). Nearly 22% of the studies were conducted on multiple types of cancer. The significant diversity of study methodologies and measurements rendered a single unifying conclusion difficult. A variety of metrics were used to quantify productivity (hours lost, return to work, change of status, and activity impairment). The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire was the most commonly used standardized tool (n = 9; 14.5%). Factors found to be associated with impairment in productivity included disease- and treatment-related effects, such as disease progression and severity, cognitive and neurological impairments, poor physical and psychological status, receipt of chemotherapy, and time and expenses required to receive therapy. CONCLUSIONS:This review highlights the considerable variety of studies that have assessed work productivity for cancer treatment and the multifaceted reasons affecting patients and caregivers. With increasing emphasis being given to understanding the value that patients assign to various aspects of cancer treatment, more streamlined information on productivity may be important to patients as they play a greater role in selecting treatment goals through shared decision making with their providers. DISCLOSURES:This study was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, which provided the concept, general oversight, and research collaboration on the project. Covvey and Kamal received research funding from Novartis Pharmaceuticals and the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists. Zacker is employed by, and owns stock in, Novartis Pharmaceuticals. A related poster abstract was presented at the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy April 2016 Annual Meeting and published as Kamal KM, Covvey JR, Dashputre A, Ghosh S, Zacker C. A conceptual framework for valuebased oncology treatment: a societal perspective. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016;22(4 Suppl A):S28. A publication-only abstract was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016 Annual Meeting and published as Covvey JR, Kamal KM, Dashputre A, Ghosh S, Zacker C. The impact of cancer treatment on work productivity of patients and caregivers: a systematic review of the evidence. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(Suppl):e18249. Study concept and design were contributed by Zacker, Kamal, and Covvey. Dashputre and Ghosh took the lead in data collection, along with Kamal and Covvey, and data interpretation was performed primarily by Shah and Bhosle, along with Ghosh, Dashputre, Covvey, and Kamal. The manuscript was written by Kamal, Covvey, Shah, and Bhosle and revised primarily by Zacker, along with Shah, Bhosle, Kamal, and Covvey.
journal_name
J Manag Care Spec Pharmjournal_title
Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacyauthors
Kamal KM,Covvey JR,Dashputre A,Ghosh S,Shah S,Bhosle M,Zacker Cdoi
10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.2.136subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
136-162issue
2eissn
2376-0540issn
2376-1032journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract:BACKGROUND:Medication therapy management (MTM) programs were first introduced as a result of the 2003 Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act. Since then, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) have established minimum requirements for health plans to follow in establishing patient elig...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.7.796
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acromegaly is a chronic disorder characterized by excess growth hormone secretion and elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 levels most often caused by a pituitary adenoma. Clinical presentation of the disease includes coarsening of the facial features, soft-tissue swelling of the hands and feet, and overgro...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.12.1106
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. With the rise in prevalence of diabetes, there has been an increased need for clinical pharmacy services focused on diabetes management in ambulatory clinics. However, more data IS needed to determine the overall impact that clinical p...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.9.914
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medication reconciliation is considered to be an important strategy for increasing the safety of medication use. However, few studies have been carried out showing the effect of a medication reconciliation program on the incidence of reconciliation errors (REs) in oncological patients treated in the outpatie...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.15248
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nonadherence to medication regimens can lead to adverse health care outcomes and increasing costs. OBJECTIVES:To (a) assess the level of medication complexity at an outpatient setting using population-level electronic health record (EHR) data and (b) evaluate its association with medication adherence measur...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.7.860
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nearly half of statin users discontinue therapy within the first year of treatment. Nonadherence to statin therapy may lead to an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and, thus, higher costs due to hospitalizations. Value-based care models, such as accountable care organizations (ACO), ar...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.5.588
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND: The economic burden of food allergy is large; however, costs specific to individuals with peanut allergy experiencing reactions to peanuts remain to be evaluated. As the prevalence of peanut allergy continues to increase in children, a better understanding of the cost of care is warranted. OBJECTIVE: To as...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2021.20389
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oral pharmacological treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) consists of antimuscarinics and the beta-3 adrenergic agonist mirabegron. Antimuscarinic adverse events (AEs) such as dry mouth, constipation, and blurry vision can result in frequent treatment discontinuation rates, leaving part of the OAB populati...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.9.1072
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment patterns for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have changed considerably over the last decade with the introduction of new chemotherapies and targeted biologics. These treatments are often administered in various sequences with limited evidence regarding their cost-effectiveness. OBJECT...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.1.64
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Employers have increased efforts to engage employees in health and wellness programs. Providing employees with incentives to participate in these programs has been shown to improve overall enrollment and engagement. One program that has had challenges with enrollment and engagement is medication therapy mana...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.11.1140
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, comparative effectiveness tools and methods have evolved to assist health care decision makers in identifying optimal therapies. In-person training programs on comparative effectiveness research may be helpful in understanding and applying this information. OBJECTIVE:To provide a follow-up ...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.6.618
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes requires close monitoring to achieve optimal outcomes and avoid adverse effects. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is one approach to measuring glycemia and has become more widespread with recent advances in technology; however, ideal implementation of CGM into clinical practice is unknown. CGM ca...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.5.600
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a mainstay of treatment for patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Testing for various mutations in the BCR-ABL gene may help predict lack of response to specific TKIs where resistance has developed. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the emergence of BCR-ABL kinase...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.2.114
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A panel of experts drawn from neurology, psychiatry, geropsychiatry, geriatrics, and pharmacy representatives of 3 health plans convened in New York City on July 30, 2016, with the objective of sharing opinions, ideas, and information regarding the optimal management of Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Three key p...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.6-b.s2
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Value-based insurance design attempts to align drug copayment tier with value rather than cost. Previous implementations of value-based insurance design have lowered copayments for drugs indicated for select "high value" conditions and have found modest improvements in medication adherence. However, these im...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.4.269
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer is a major cause of mortality and a major contributor to health care costs in the United States. An increasing number of cancer patients are treated with oral cancer therapy. Older patients are more likely to have cancer and to be at risk for adherence problems with oral cancer drugs. As a result of s...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.7.669
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gout, hyperuricemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are prevalent conditions in the United States, and while they share common risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, relatively little is known about what patient and disease characteristics may link C...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.6.677
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:DISCLOSURES:No funding supported the writing of this article. The author has nothing to disclose. ...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.5.592
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ever-vulnerable medication supply chain is being further strained by the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists in all settings, including managed care, will need to prepare for a potential exacerbation of existing and new drug shortages in the midst of unprecedented crisis. We summarize the major issues, discuss potentia...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.8.945
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical trials have shown that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)-including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban-are at least as effective and safe as warfarin for the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, few studies hav...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.9.911
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current evidence of the effects of pharmacy services on asthma outcomes are not conclusive, since most pharmacy services comprise a variety of interventions. OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of a service containing self-management support delivered by community pharmacists to patients with asthma. METHODS:A ...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.11.1184
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Three pharmacist-specific Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes exist to facilitate medication therapy management (MTM) reimbursement (codes 99605, 99606, and 99607). However, no studies have used CPT codes in administrative claims databases to identify subjects who have received MTM services. OBJECTIV...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.10.1297
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psoriasis is a chronic, hyper-proliferative dermatological condition associated with joint symptoms known as psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In a 2013 review, the total economic burden of PsA was estimated at $51.7-$63.2 billion. The economic burden of moderate to severe psoriasis patients has reduced significant...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.7.654
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Encouraging generic drug use has reduced health care costs for payers and consumers, but the availability of therapeutically interchangeable medications or generic medications of choice is not equal across disease states. The extent to which systems of care are able to substitute with generics is not well un...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.11.1093
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adherence to antiretrovirals (ARVs) is critical to achieving durable virologic suppression. OBJECTIVE:To investigate risk factors of poor adherence and the effect of suboptimal adherence on health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in Medicaid patients. METHODS:A retrospective longitudinal study wa...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2018.17507
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Discarding unused drugs after dose changes or discontinuation can significantly affect pharmacy budgets. This is especially concerning for expensive oncology agents. However, few economic studies account for drug wastage, providing an inaccurate estimate of a drug's actual economic cost, cost-effectiveness, ...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.8.859
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:DISCLOSURES:Funding for this summary was contributed by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and California Health Care Foundation to the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), an independent organization that evaluates the evidence on the value of health care interventions. ICER's annual policy summit is s...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.12.1300
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Formulary management within a limited budget is critical, especially for specialty drugs, which are used for serious medical conditions and are very expensive. Despite attempts to summarize the pertinent evidence, it is uncertain whether data needs of formulary decision makers for specialty drugs are satisfi...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.4.368
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Concomitant use of stimulants and atypical antipsychotics is common in pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about the determinants of concomitant use and its utility in the management of pediatric ADHD. OBJECTIVES:To (a) examine predictors of concomitant stimul...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2015.21.6.486
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While there is growing demand for information about comparative effectiveness (CE), there is substantial debate about whether and when observational studies have sufficient quality to support decision making. OBJECTIVE:To develop and test an item checklist that can be used to qualify those observational CE ...
journal_title:Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.3.301
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00