Abstract：
:During a severe outbreak of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei vulpes) starting among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Sweden in the 1970s, we studied: 1) the establishment and spread of the disease in northernmost Sweden (by inquiries), and 2) the 1970-84 bag records for foxes and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) (an alternative prey to the fox's main prey, voles). Since the first case of sarcoptic mange in 1975 the disease spread rapidly, with >50% of the hunting organizations having reported the disease in 1981 and >75% in 1983. Also the disease became more abundant within the areas affected. In areas with a low mange infection rate (index) the number of foxes killed in the 1980s did not deviate markedly from the average level in the 1970s. However, there was a slight tendency towards a decline in areas with a medium index and numbers declined markedly where the index was high. Hare harvests initially were low (after a tularemia epidemic) in the 1970s. In that decade harvests increased dramatically and stabilized, increased gradually or changed little, respectively, where mange infection rates were low, medium or high in the early 1980s. In areas with a low mange index hare harvests remained cyclical and at the same level in the 1980s as in most of the 1970s. However, in areas with a medium index harvests increased and seemed to begin to lose their cyclicity, and where the index was high the low and relatively stable hare harvests increased annually. A predator-prey hypothesis, assuming predators to synchronize alternative prey declines to those of the cyclic main prey, predicts that a predator reduction would cause a gradual disappearance of the cyclicity and increasing numbers among alternative prey. Our hare data are partially consistent with this prediction.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Danell K,Hörnfeldt Bdoi
10.1007/BF00379412subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-10-01 00:00:00pages
533-536issue
4eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00379412journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract：:The responses of organisms to organic farming depend on the taxonomic group and landscape complexity. Following the intermediate landscape complexity hypothesis, organic farming can compensate for the lack of complexity in simple landscapes. Argentinian farmlands are simple with large fields and scarce linear habitat ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-019-04545-3
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life history theory and empirical studies suggest that large size or earlier metamorphosis are suitable proxies for increased lifetime fitness. Thus, across a gradient of larval habitat quality, individuals with similar phenotypes for these traits should exhibit similar post-metamorphic performance. Here we examine th...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-010-1728-8
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dissection of 1,941 specimens provided data on reproductive cycles in six genera of skinks and three genera of agamids from the Alligator Rivers Region of Australia's Northern Territory. Comparative data on lizards from the temperate zone were gathered by dissecting specimens of three genera, and by reviewing publishe...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00790016
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Home range data were collected concurrently from four syntopic browsing ruminant species in a conserved savanna ecosystem. Mean home range areas were: giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) 282 km2; kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) 21.9 km2; impala (Aepyceros melampus) 5.82 km2; steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) 0.62 km2. Hom...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00319416
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food availability is thought to strongly influence the leaving phase of natal dispersal in animals with condition-dependent dispersal. We conducted a food supplementation experiment to determine the influence of extra food on the onset of dispersal and early dispersal movement patterns of 42 radio-tagged northern gosh...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-002-1108-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of the branch area/stem area ratio of Scots pine growing in different climatic conditions in Europe and Siberia indicates that the branch area supported by a stem increases in warmer and drier conditions. The ratio was significantly correlated with several climatic variables, especially with potential evapotr...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00333247
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that dispersal in a heterogeneous environment can be an important factor in population stability is examined. It is shown that dispersal may increase the persistence time of a population by several orders of magnitude. ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00345181
更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microtus duodecimcostatus in a mediterranean vole which is not known to display spectacular increases in population numbers as in some microtine species. A population was studied in southern France with a capture-recapture method. The population included resident adults which have a high and constant survival rate (mo...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00649505
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a number of factors, notably leaf mining insects, on the longevity of beech and holm oak leaves have been studied. The regular monitoring of individually labelled leaves was complemented by analysis of leaf fall data. Both methods confirm that these mining insects have only a slight impact on their host...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00377555
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The respiratory physiology of four species of Australian desert-dwelling beetle was examined using a flow-through respirometry system over the temperature range of 20-40°C. The two species of tenebrionid beetles (Heleus waitei and Pterohelaeus sp.) did not exhibit the discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC), a mechani...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420100772
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gynoparae (autumn migrants) of the bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), were not found to land randomly on their primary host,Prunus padus L. Some trees, although within a few metres of heavily infested trees, were not colonized at all. This phenomenon occurs regularly from year to year.The reasons for this ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01036740
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution and movements of two stoat populations were studied by capture-recapture and tracking in the Swiss Jura Mountains. On the Brévine area in summer 1977 the population was at a high density phase and evenly distributed. A well established intrasexual territorial system was observed, with a high degree of...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00388075
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temperature is a powerful correlate of large-scale terrestrial and marine diversity patterns but the mechanistic links remain unclear. Whilst many explanations have been proposed, quantitative predictions that allow them to be tested statistically are often lacking. As an important exception, the metabolic theory of e...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-010-1866-z
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female lifetime reproductive success in a small population of individually-marked adders in southern Sweden was studied over a period of seven years. Reproductive characteristics varied little from year to year and were consistent through time in individual females. Most females mature at four years of age and reprodu...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00317260
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herbivores are thought to achieve adequate nutrition by consuming numerous species of plants or by occasionally consuming animal tissue. Although active selection of diverse foods is common in nature, the relationship between diet mixing and consumer fitness is poorly understood, especially in marine environments. We ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420051012
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple regression analyses were made of the effect of food composition upon energetic efficiency and existence energy of House Sparrows, Passer domesticus. Protein content of experimental food is the most important of eleven independent variables tested in the prediction of energetic efficiency. Other variables sign...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00345102
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have analysed plant responses to flooding or drought separately, without addressing the relations between plant resistance to each of these factors. In this paper, we compare the responses to drought and flooding under glasshouse conditions of three populations of Paspalum dilatatum, a perennial C4 grass ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00334652
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Competition and facilitation are both considered major factors affecting the structure of plant assemblages, yet few studies have quantified positive, negative, and net effects simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the positive, negative, and net effects of tree saplings on the encroachment of two tree specie...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-006-0382-7
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Species distributions are dependent on interactions with abiotic and biotic factors in the environment. Abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and soil nutrients, along with biotic interactions within and between species, can all have strong influences on spatial distributions of plants and animals. Terrestrial A...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-020-04714-9
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmentally controlled experiments on damping-off disease of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) caused by Pythium irregulare were used to study the effect of clumped planting patterns upon epidemic rates. In clumped stands of seedlings the rate of multiplication of disease was, in general, slower than in unclumped, e...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00351212
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The species composition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal communities changed during secondary succession of abandoned fields based on a field to forest chronosequence. Twenty-five VAM fungal species were identified. Seven species were clearly early successional and five species were clearly late succes...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00317600
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many mammals, early survival differs between the sexes, with males proving the more fragile sex ["Fragile male (FM) hypothesis"], especially in sexually dimorphic species where males are the larger sex. Male-biased allocation (MBA) by females may offset this difference. Here, we evaluate support for the FM and MBA ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-012-2469-7
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The climatic control of productivity for two populations of the lichen Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach. growing in the arctic tundra of northern Alaska (70°28'N, 157°23'W) was examined. Respiratory losses of carbon vary with tissue temperature, tissue water content, and time since wetting. Potential net photosynthetic ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00348040
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A trade-off between antimicrobial defences and palatability to dispersers may place limits on fruit persistence in nature. The retention times of ripe fruits on 34 wild plant species under natural conditions (unbagged persistence) and when fruits had been bagged with nylon mesh to exclude frugivores (bagged persistenc...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-004-1730-0
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to enhanced levels of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms including damage at the cellular and molecular level and impairment of development, fecundity and survival. Much research has been conducted on the role of the harmful UVB radiation. However, due to it...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-013-2773-x
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ideal free distribution (IFD) models predict that animals distribute themselves such that no individual can increase its fitness by moving to another patch. Many empirical tests assume that the interference among animals is independent of density and do not quantify the effects of density on fitness traits. Using two ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-011-2190-y
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otolith microchemistry studies indicate that growth-phase (yellow stage) anguillid eels commonly shift at irregular intervals between fresh and saline waters, but this technique has not detected regular seasonal migrations across salinity zones. We tested the ability of otolith microchemistry and stable isotope analys...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-014-2969-8
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Populations with dispersive larvae are often demographically open such that local reproduction and subsequent larval settlement are not linked. Thus, understanding whether and how settlement patterns are established and subsequently modified is central to understanding local demography. Settlement is typically not mea...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-001-0860-x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reciprocal transplant experiments have been used to estimate the probability that negative frequency-dependent selection by natural enemies has occurred in host populations by determining whether pest populations are less adapted to "foreign" (rare) hosts, which originate from a population with which the pests have no...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050493
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enemy release often is invoked to explain the success of invasive plants: an invader benefits from reduced attack as it escapes specialized enemies through the invasion process. Enemy release typically is thought of as occurring at large geographic scales, but local-scale interactions may also be important for invader...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-018-4175-6
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
