Abstract：
:Parenterally administered narcotic analgesics are a critically important part of therapy for the patient with acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. These agents are very effective and, when used with appropriate caution and monitoring, are also generally safe. They not only relieve the sensation of severe pain but also reduce the effective and physiologic reaction to pain and thus reduce patient anxiety. Because these agents all depress respiratory drive to some degree in the doses used for adequate analgesia, close attention to respiratory status is mandatory. In patients with underlying pulmonary disease or significant congestive heart failure, this monitoring should be even more intensive and include arterial blood gas measurements and preparations for possible narcotic antagonist administration and ventilatory assistance. With regard to the hemodynamic changes produced by these agents, several important points are worth noting. It must be remembered that the conclusions regarding hemodynamic effects of these agents are derived from studies involving patient groups that were generally hemodynamically stable, usually pain-free, and almost always at least several hours following acute presentation. Thus, the hemodynamic effects of these agents may be quite different in patients with active pain during a period of acute ischemia, or in patients that are hemodynamically unstable. Hemodynamic studies during these acute settings, however, are extremely difficult to perform because the patient's acute distress mandates rapid administration of an analgesic agent prior to the institution of invasive monitoring. With these cautions relating to data interpretation in mind, it is still possible to make certain recommendations regarding the use of analgesic therapy in acute MI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Cardiol Clinjournal_title
Cardiology clinicsauthors
Remetz MS,Cabin HSsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-02-01 00:00:00pages
29-36issue
1eissn
0733-8651issn
1558-2264journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The success of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) led to the concept of a device that would terminate atrial fibrillation (AF) using an implantable device. Implantable devices for AF are undergoing rapid evolution. Currently used devices combine pacing and cardioversion therapies to prevent and to treat ...
journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2006.08.008
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8651(03)00062-6
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2008.03.012
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Cardiology clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccl.2007.12.017
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