Abstract:
:A Modified Crisp Equation, describing the differential Gibbs free energy of the adsorption process, is being proposed, which considers multiple sites available on the surface for adsorption and their relative fractions. The differential Gibbs free energy can be calculated by the van't Hoff Equation, which depends on the affinity constant in the Langmuir-like equation. To consider the number of solvent molecules displaced by a solute molecule in the adsorption process, a new derivative of the Langmuir-like equation is being proposed as well. By comparing the differential Gibbs free energies obtained from the 2 thermodynamic relationships, it can be determined that a phenobarbital molecule displaces 5 water molecules on the activated carbon surface for site-specific adsorption from solution. For the series of experimental conditions studied, including 4 activated carbons, pH effects, temperature effects, and solvent effects, the corrected differential Gibbs free energies using n1 = 5 for site-specific adsorption are quite consistent between the 2 thermodynamic relationships. The difference between the estimates of the differential Gibbs free energies by the Modified Crisp Equation and the van't Hoff Equation provides a new experimental method to calculate the number of solvent molecules displaced by an adsorbing solute molecule.
journal_name
J Pharm Scijournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical sciencesauthors
Yu P,Wurster DEdoi
10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
1055-1062issue
4eissn
0022-3549issn
1520-6017pii
S0022-3549(17)30839-0journal_volume
107pub_type
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