Abstract:
:HIV-1 transmission occurs mainly through mucosal tissues. During mucosal transmission, HIV-1 preferentially infects α4β7+ gut-homing CCR7- CD4+ effector/effector memory T cells (TEM) and results in massive depletion of these cells and other subsets of TEM in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. However, besides being eliminated by HIV-1, the role of TEM during the early stage of infection remains inconclusive. Here, using in vitro-induced α4β7+ gut-homing TEM (α4β7+ TEM), we found that α4β7+ TEM differentiated into CCR7+ CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM). This differentiation was HIV-1 independent but was inhibited by SB431542, a specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor I kinase inhibitor. Consistently, TEM-to-TCM differentiation was observed in α4β7+ TEM stimulated with TGF-β1 (TGF-β). The TCM properties of the TGF-β-induced TEM-derived TCM (α4β7+ TCM) were confirmed by their enhanced CCL19 chemotaxis and the downregulation of surface CCR7 upon T cell activation in vitro Importantly, the effect of TGF-β on TCM differentiation also held in TEM directly isolated from peripheral blood. To investigate the significance of the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we observed that both productively and latently infected α4β7+ TCM could differentiate from α4β7+ TEM in the presence of TGF-β during HIV-1 infection. Collectively, this study not only provides a new insight for the plasticity of TEM but also suggests that the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation is a previously unrecognized mechanism for the formation of latently infected TCM after HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 is the causative agent of HIV/AIDS, which has led to millions of deaths in the past 30 years. Although the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy has remarkably reduced the HIV-1-related morbidity and mortality, HIV-1 is not eradicated in treated patients due to the presence of latent reservoirs. Besides, the pathogenesis in CD4 T cells early after infection still remains elusive. Immediately after HIV-1 mucosal infection, CD4 T cells are preferentially infected and depleted. However, in addition to being depleted, the other roles of the CD4 T cells, especially the effector/effector memory T cells (TEM), in disease progression are not completely understood. The significance of this study is in revealing a novel mechanism for the formation of latently HIV-1-infected central memory CD4 T cells, a major latent reservoir from CD4 TEM after infection. Our findings suggest previously unrecognized roles of CD4 TEM in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Cheung KW,Wu T,Ho SF,Wong YC,Liu L,Wang H,Chen Zdoi
10.1128/JVI.01510-17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-28 00:00:00issue
8eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.01510-17journal_volume
92pub_type
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.00374-06
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4957-4965.1992
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abstract::Integrin-using rotaviruses bind MA104 cell surface alpha2beta1 integrin via the Asp-Gly-Glu (DGE) sequence in virus spike protein VP4 and interact with alphaxbeta2 integrin during cell entry through outer capsid protein VP7. Infection is inhibited by the alpha2beta1 ligand Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA) and the alphaxbeta2 li...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.37.1.518-523.1981
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.49.2.510-520.1984
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.57.3.1187-1190.1986
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abstract::Expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-encoded superantigens in B lymphocytes is required for viral transmission and pathogenesis. We have previously established a critical role of an enhancer element within the long terminal repeat (LTR) for MMTV sag gene expression in B-lymphoid progenitor cells. We now demo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.17.8183-8187.2000
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.31.1.1-7.1979
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00820-07
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.7.5333-5344.1999
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.5.6.663-671.1970
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.5.4297-4307.1998
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.21.10421-10430.2001
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.2.906-913.1992
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.3.726-734.1987
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. HSV-1 enters epithelial cells via an endocytosis mechanism that is low-pH dependent. However, the precise intracellular pathway has not been identified, including the compartment where fusion occurs. In this study, we utiliz...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.5.3779-3788.1998
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus and the leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the United States. Recent studies in humans have found that dysfunctional T cell responses strongly correlate with development of severe WNV neuroinvasive disease. However, the contributions of human dendritic cel...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00664-19
更新日期:2019-11-13 00:00:00