Abstract:
:The release of acetylcholine from autonomic nerves in those tissues that receive a cholinergic innervation is widely believed to dilate blood vessels. Exogenously administered acetylcholine in vivo does dilate vascular beds and produce hypotension; however, this latter effect is indirect and probably the result of liberation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelial cells. Some blood vessels contain a substantial population of medial constrictor receptors for acetylcholine, and the implications of this presence for vascular control systems has been largely ignored, although it needs to be considered. A survey of the evolution of vasomotor control systems indicates that acetylcholine serves principally as an excitatory transmitter to blood vessels. Neurally mediated cholinergic constriction and not dilation is found in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, with responses initiated by medial muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine constricts many vascular preparations from these lower animals, but some vessels relax, reflecting the emergence of an EDRF responsive to acetylcholine. An examination of cholinergic responses in mammalian vessels reveals that cholinergic (neurogenic) dilation is limited to a very few vascular beds and to only a few species. Both experimental evidence and evolutionary considerations support the likelihood that cholinergic (neural) constriction operates in some vascular regions in mammals and, in particular, in the coronary circulation of some species, including humans. In fact, constriction, and not dilation, may be the dominant vascular response to activation of the cholinergic axis in most mammals, including humans. The complications and contradictions introduced by the simultaneous presence of both EDRF and a cholinergic constrictor innervation involving medial muscarinic receptors are discussed. A variety of evidence is also presented that implicates cholinergic constriction in at least some instances of coronary artery spasm and sudden death.
journal_name
Circ Resjournal_title
Circulation researchauthors
Kalsner Sdoi
10.1161/01.res.65.2.237subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
237-57issue
2eissn
0009-7330issn
1524-4571journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is the main Ca2+ extrusion mechanism in cardiac myocytes and is thus essential for the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and contractile function. A cytosolic region (f-loop) of the protein mediates regulation of NCX function by intracellular factors including inhibition by exchan...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000151334.48676.68
更新日期:2005-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::If the control of infectious diseases was the public health success story of the first half of the 20th century, then the decline in mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke has been the success story of the century's past 4 decades. The early phase of this decline in coronary heart disease and stroke was unex...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115
更新日期:2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cation channels activated by Ca(2+) store depletion have been proposed to mediate Ca(2+) influx in vascular smooth muscle cells. The aim of this study was to determine if store-operated channels have a functional role in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). In intact rat pulmonary artery rings, cyclopiazonic...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/hh2201.100315
更新日期:2001-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein is expressed in cardiac myocytes of patients and experimental animals with congestive heart failure (CHF). Here we show that iNOS expression plays a role in pressure overload-induced myocardial chamber dilation and hypertrophy. In wild-type mice, chronic transverse aortic...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000264081.78659.45
更新日期:2007-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, protects ischemic myocardium, conscious dogs were subjected to coronary occlusion and given nifedipine by intravenous infusion beginning 30 minutes after the onset of ischemia and lasting for 24 hours while systemic arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, and car...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.43.3.372
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between cell swelling and plasma membrane disruption has been evaluated in thin myocardial slices incubated in oxygenated or anoxic Krebs-Ringer phosphate media. Electron microscopy and measurements of inulin-diffusible space were used to monitor plasma membrane integrity. Inulin is excluded from the ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.57.6.864
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas numerous studies have investigated the role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the maintenance of coronary blood flow, most of these have focused on normal vessels. In the present investigation, we examined the prostaglandin- and thromboxane-synthesizing capacity of isolated coronary artery segments obtaine...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.57.2.223
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the factors that might influence collateral arterial growth after arterial occlusion, the capacity to deliver blood flow in relation to metabolic need and work performance are obvious candidates. In this study in rats after superficial femoral artery ligation, we assessed collateral arterial growth (by arteriogr...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.70.3.546
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Unlike conventional dendritic cells, plasmacytoid DCs (PDC) are poor in antigen presentation and critical for type I interferon response. Though proposed to be present in human atherosclerotic lesions, their role in atherosclerosis remains elusive. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of PDC in atherosclerosis....
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.256529
更新日期:2011-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Radiolabeled triiodothyronine (T3) binding to isolated nuclei was measured to compare the binding characteristics of the nuclear receptors in rabbit ventricular and atrial muscle cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded a maximum binding capacity of 170 +/- 20 fmol per mg DNA and apparent dissociation con...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.63.1.267
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postnatal development of the mammalian heart is associated with changes in the population of isoforms of the thin filament proteins. We correlated the change in thin filament proteins, which occur in rabbit hearts between 5 days and 22 days of age, with changes in Ca2+ dependence of myofibrillar ATPase activity, force...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.66.5.1204
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments and single-channel current recordings in cell-attached patch mode were performed on enzymatically dissociated single ventricular myocytes harvested from feline endocardial and epicardial surfaces. The studies were designed to compare the characteristics of inward rectifier K+ curre...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.70.1.91
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to test the ability of regenerated endothelium to evoke endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations. Hyperpolarizations induced by serotonin and bradykinin were compared in isolated porcine coronary arteries with native or regenerated endothelium, 4 weeks after balloon endothelial denudatio...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.84.4.371
更新日期:1999-03-05 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:We have previously demonstrated that the importance of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) increases as the vessel size decreases and that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an EDHF in animals and humans, for which endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the major source. Re...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.270215
更新日期:2012-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic GMP (cGMP) kinase is intimately involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone. Its tissue concentration was determined in normotensive and hypertensive rats by use of monospecific anti-cGMP kinase antibodies. Hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats and renovascular (Goldblatt II) hypertensive rats...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.65.5.1361
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently shown that adult canine ventricular myocytes express three distinct gap junction channel proteins, connexin40 (Cx40), connexin43 (Cx43), and connexin45 (Cx45). These proteins have unique cytoplasmic domains that likely confer connexin-specific physiological properties. To determine whether the three d...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.73.2.344
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The myocardium of the failing heart undergoes a number of structural alterations, most notably hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and an increase in extracellular matrix proteins, often seen as primary fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key molecule in the process of fibrosis and therefore seems an att...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.182535
更新日期:2009-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic peptides (BMPs), a family of cytokines critical to normal development, were recently implicated in the pathogenesis of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. The type-II receptor (BMPRII) is required for recognition of all BMPs, and targeted deletion of BMPRII in mice results in fetal lethality b...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000126047.82846.20
更新日期:2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular actions of the synthetic natriuretic peptide, atriopeptin II, were examined in conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The animals were chronically instrumented with miniaturized pulsed Doppler flow probes to allow measurement of regional blood flow...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.56.4.606
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystal deposition underlies the development of arterial calcification. Inflammatory macrophages colocalize with BCP deposits in developing atherosclerotic lesions and in vitro can promote calcification through the release of TNF alpha. Here we have investigated whether BCP crystals can e...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000171451.88616.c2
更新日期:2005-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the contributions of humoral and hemodynamic factors to cardiac adaptations associated with chronic exercise, female Fischer 344 rats were subjected to chronic swimming, infrarenal cardiac transplantation, or both. Swimming resulted in hypertrophy (11-12%) of the in situ hearts in both the unoperated an...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.67.3.780
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freshly dispersed rabbit ear artery cells were studied using patch-clamp techniques to measure membrane currents in whole cells and single-channel currents in membrane patches. Whole-cell calcium currents recorded at physiologic extracellular calcium concentrations were small (approximately 10 pA). Recordings with 110...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the mechanisms underlying the increase in automaticity induced by alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation of normal and "ischemic" canine Purkinje fibers. Fibers were superfused with a control Tyrode's solution, followed by an ischemic superfusate that included 10 mM KCl, 5 mM NaHCO3, Po2 of 10-25 mm Hg, and pH 6.7....
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.71.3.526
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we established an injury model of the mouse carotid artery. Complete removal of the endothelium was achieved with a flexible wire. A platelet monolayer covered the denuded surface, and damage to underlying medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was detected. Injection of [3H]thymidine was used to dete...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.73.5.792
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously studied the relation between long-chain fatty acid and pyruvate metabolism in reperfused myocardium and noted a rapid return of fatty acid oxidation to at least preischemic values accompanied by a marked decrease in pyruvate oxidation. The purpose of the present report is to further characterize car...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.65.4.1094
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The mammalian diaphanous-related formin (mDia1), governs microtubule and microfilament dynamics while functioning as an effector for Rho small GTP-binding proteins during key cellular processes such as adhesion, cytokinesis, cell polarity, and morphogenesis. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor for advanced...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.262519
更新日期:2012-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Proteasomal degradation is altered in many disease phenotypes including cardiac hypertrophy, a prevalent condition leading to heart failure. Our recent investigations identified heterogeneous subpopulations of proteasome complexes in the heart and implicated multiple mechanisms for their regulation. OBJECTIV...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.222364
更新日期:2010-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the individual and combined effects of extracellular acidosis and increases in extracellular potassium on action potential characteristics and conduction in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of acute ischemia. At each level of potassium between 2.7 and 17 mm, acidosis induced by increasing...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.51.5.614
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal mechanical forces can trigger aberrant proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as observed in the progression of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. It has been previously shown that cells can sense physical forces such as stretch through adhesions to the extracellular matrix. Here, we se...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.158329
更新日期:2007-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::A period of prolonged vasodilation follows flow-restricted exercise of skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that adenosine participates in mediating this vascular response. Vascularly isolated, anterior calf muscles of anesthetized dogs were stimulated to contract at a rate of 4 twitches/sec. Blood flow was held ...
journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.44.6.759
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00