The changing American family.

abstract：:Pediatric obesity is a major public health threat. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk for many medical and surgical conditions. These conditions may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. The rapidly progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus within the first 5 years of obesity diagnos...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Lenders CM,Gorman K,Lim-Miller A,Puklin S,Pratt J

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on recent developments that have defined the autoimmune nature of this entity and its genetic basis, especially the crucial roles of aspartic acid at position 57 of the DQ beta chain and arginine at position 52 of the DQ alpha chain of the HLA complex on chromosome 6 in conferring susceptibility; ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Sperling MA

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, with most children maintaining symptoms of ADHD as adolescents and as adults. It is among the most common chronic conditions that primary care pediatricians see. Progress in brain imaging, genetics, neuropsychology, and ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Reiff MI,Stein MT

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections occur in childhood and adolescent athletes just as they do in all children and adolescents. Because of the sports environment, and in some instances the sport itself, athletes can be prone to infections that will alter their athletic performance or present risks to other athletes. Recognition of the infecti...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Buescher ES

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dyspnea is a complex psychophysiologic sensation that requires intact afferent and efferent pathways for the full perception of the neuromechanical dissociation between the respiratory effort attempted and the work actually accomplished. The sensation is triggered or accentuated by a variety of receptors located in th...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Weinberger M,Abu-Hasan M

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal failure (IF) is the ultimate malabsorption state, with multiple causes, requiring long-term therapy with enteral or intravenous fluids and nutrient supplements. The primary goal during management of children with potentially reversible IF is to promote intestinal autonomy while supporting normal growth, nut...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Mziray-Andrew CH,Sentongo TA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastrointestinal motility disorders in the pediatric population are common and can range from benign processes to more serious disorders. Performing and interpreting motility evaluations in children present unique challenges. There are primary motility disorders but abnormal motility may be secondary due to other dise...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Nurko S

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The American family is changing. Pediatricians are increasingly aware of treating children within a family systems context. Patients present with a variety of biopsychosocial problems, and pediatrics must continue to adjust to fit the changing needs of children and their families. Pediatricians must view themselves as...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Richman JM,Chapman MV,Bowen GL

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medications to treat children with rheumatic disease include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticosteroids, and biologic response modifiers that target mediators and cells involved in autoimmunity and inflammation. Although usually well-tolerated, such medications have many possible side effects, of whic...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Higgins GC

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An "apparent life-threatening event" (ALTE) refers to an episode that is of concern to the caregiver and is associated with a combination of apnea, color change, change in tone, choking, or gagging. Although the natural history of ALTE is most often benign, there is a risk for subsequent morbidity and mortality. The p...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Dewolfe CC

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluid homeostasis requires adequate water intake, regulated by an intact thirst mechanism and appropriate free water excretion by the kidneys, mediated by appropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP, also known as antidiuretic hormone). AVP exerts its antidiuretic action by binding to the X chromosome-encoded V...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Ranadive SA,Rosenthal SM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer in children is rare and accounts for about 1% of all malignancies. In the developed world, however, it is the commonest cause of disease-related deaths in childhood, carrying with it a great economic and emotional cost. Cancers are assumed to be multivariate, multifactorial diseases that occur when a complex an...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Buka I,Koranteng S,Osornio Vargas AR

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Septic shock remains the major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although early sepsis recognition, fluid resuscitation, timely administration of antimicrobials, and vasoactive-inotropic drug infusions are all key to achieving good sepsis outcomes, therapy using various steroid drug classes remains...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Zimmerman JJ

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of chronic cough, a common complaint in children, is challenging for most health care professionals. Millions of dollars are spent every year on unnecessary testing and treatment. A rational approach based on a detailed interview and a thorough physical examination guides further intervention and manage...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Wagner JB,Pine HS

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is at present a pathologic diagnosis. In the setting of a chronic interstitial pneumonia in a child with lymphocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and lymphadenopathy or parotid enlargement, the diagnosis is often clinically presumed. At present the diagnosis can be established firmly only b...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Pitt J

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoblastoma is the most common neoplasm of the eye in childhood, and represents 3% of all childhood malignancies. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the very young; two-thirds are diagnosed before 2 years of age and 95% before 5 years. Retinoblastoma presents in 2 distinct clinical forms: (1) a bilateral or multifocal, ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Rodriguez-Galindo C,Orbach DB,VanderVeen D

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Important first steps have been taken towards establishing how some nutrients interact with genes and affect intestinal adaptation. These mechanisms may be typical of how other nutrients influence cell function and turnover and help to maintain intestinal integrity. The dietary effects of nucleotides on intestinal cel...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： LeLeiko NS,Walsh MJ

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides an overview of the composition of human milk, its variation, and its clinical relevance. The composition of human milk is the biological norm for infant nutrition. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation a...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Ballard O,Morrow AL

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article acquaints readers with the data sources documenting the dramatic increases of overweight and obesity in the United States in the past 40 years, explains the reference standards for ascertaining measures of overweight in adults and children, and cites evidence that establishes obesity as a risk factor for ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Clinton Smith J

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthmatic children living in low-income families in United States inner city communities continue to have disproportionately high rates of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, disability, and death. Current research implicates a combination of environmental, biologic, and disease mismanagement factors that u...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Federico MJ,Liu AH

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2% to 3% of young children and presents with a wide range of IgE and non-IgE-mediated clinical syndromes, which have a significant economic and lifestyle effect. It is logical that a review of CMA would be linked to a review of soy allergy because soy formula is often an alternative so...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Kattan JD,Cocco RR,Järvinen KM

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and environmental factors (breast feeding, probably viral infections) play a role in the expression of the disease. Prevalence of GSE in childhood did not substantially decrease in the last 15 years in all European countries, where GSE is still more common in infantile age and presents frequently gastrointesti...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Auricchio S,Greco L,Troncone R

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I have stressed the known medical and environmental factors associated with unexpected, sudden death in sports in children, and I have recommended restrictions or environmental alterations to prevent sudden death associated with an individual sport. Medical problems such as cardiomyopathies, posterior mitral valve lea...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Luckstead EF

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human autoinflammatory diseases (except for the periodic fever, adenopathy, pharyngitis, aphthae syndrom) are a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases characterized by seemingly unprovoked inflammation, in the absence of autoimmune or infective causes. Tremendous advances in the understanding of these ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Padeh S

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we reviewed some of the important concepts and techniques of molecular biology applied to the study of lymphoid malignancies. Molecular biology is a tool for addressing certain basic research and clinical questions. It is also a key to the development of a new perspective in biology and medicine. For t...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Kirsch IR

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local anesthetics are often extremely useful in the management of acute, chronic, and procedural pain. They have a low therapeutic ratio, so physicians should not exceed established dosing guidelines for a single bolus or long-term infusions. New local anesthetics that promise better safety and longer duration of acti...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Wilder RT

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Careful clinical examination remains the primary and most important way of diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborn infants. Repeated examinations during the first year are important to diagnose DDH subsequent to the newborn period. Sonography can detect cases of clinically silent DDH. Targeting ...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Donaldson JS,Feinstein KA

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a tremendous amount of progress in the perioperative approach to the child since Levy wrote "Psychic trauma of operations in children and a note on combat neurosis" nearly 50 years ago. Recognition of prolonged behavioral derangements following the anesthetic-surgical-hospital experience and the promine...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Zuckerberg AL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formulation of a diagnosis in a child who has neurologic impairment should not (except in extreme circumstances) be made on the basis of a single finding. For example, the presence of delayed milestones, primitive or exaggerated reflexes, abnormal muscle tone, abnormal posture, abnormal neurologic examination, and...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Liptak GS

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deformities are abnormalities of shape or form caused by abnormal or imbalanced mechanical forces. In prenatal deformation, most infants are intrinsically normal and the deformation results from extrinsic constraining forces. Most prenatal deformities will resolve spontaneously or with the application of counteracting...

journal_title：Pediatric clinics of North America

authors： Dunne KB,Clarren SK

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00